{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T16:45:18Z","timestamp":1793897118746,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led management of GLP-1 and GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as compared to usual care by a physician.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study conducted at an outpatient clinic. Adult patients with T2DM who received an initial prescription for dulaglutide, liraglutide, oral or injectable semaglutide, or tirzepatide during the study period of January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024, were included. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the care they received: management by a clinical pharmacist (pharmacist-managed care) or by a resident physician (usual care). Data was collected from the initiation of the GLP-1 receptor agonist (RA) or GIP\/GLP-1 RA to 6 months after initiation or treatment discontinuation. The primary outcome was the net change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to the end of the study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 128 patients: 24 pharmacist-managed and 104 usual care patients. The pharmacist-managed group had a mean 19.9% (SD, 13%) reduction in HbA1c from baseline, compared to a 10.2% (SD, 20.9%) reduction in the usual care group (P = 0.03). The pharmacist-managed group also saw greater improvements in de-escalation of insulin and average number of GLP-1 RA and GIP\/GLP-1 RA dose titrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacist-led management of GLP-1 RA or GIP\/GLP-1 RA therapy resulted in a greater improvement in HbA1c when compared to usual care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:41:48Z","timestamp":1774010508000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pharmacist-led management of GLP-1 and GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Min Ji","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital , Royal Oak, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alanah","family":"Bratley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital , Royal Oak, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Lauster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital , Royal Oak, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Muench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital , Royal Oak, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2026033112503341500_zxag086-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S009","article-title":"9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes\u20142025","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026033112503341500_zxag086-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.18549\/pharmpract.2019.4.1618","article-title":"A comparison of clinical pharmacist management of type 2 diabetes versus usual care in a federally qualified health center","volume":"17","author":"Fink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2026033112503341500_zxag086-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431292","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1431292","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026033112503341500_zxag086-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0491-1","article-title":"The role of the pharmacist in managing type 2 diabetes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on therapy","volume":"34","author":"Meece","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026033112503341500_zxag086-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2025.102385","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of a pharmacist-led glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist titration service in two primary care clinics","volume":"65","author":"Miller","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026033112503341500_zxag086-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.011","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-led weight management service in a cardiology clinic","volume":"64","author":"Yates","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026033112503341500_zxag086-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13271","article-title":"Follow-up frequency and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective analysis based on multicenter real-world data","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Diabetes"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag086\/67482132\/zxag086.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag086\/67482132\/zxag086.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:50:40Z","timestamp":1774975840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag086\/8537506"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":7,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-2082","1535-2900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-2082","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-2900","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"article-number":"zxag086"}}