{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:06:52Z","timestamp":1789067212495,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication preparation errors are a major source of preventable harm in pediatric hospitals. Oral liquid medications, especially those involving difficult-to-measure or very small volumes, may increase the risk of such errors, yet supporting evidence is limited. This study aims to determine whether difficult-to-measure and very small oral liquid medication volumes are associated with higher rates of preparation errors in a pediatric hospital pharmacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all oral liquid medication preparations produced between January 2010 and December 2023 at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Preparation errors identified by pharmacists were extracted from the pharmacy department\u2019s workflow management system. A prospective substudy (December 2023\u2013October 2024) was also carried out to characterize the nature and magnitude of rejected preparations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the study period, 1,554,986 oral liquid preparations were produced. Difficult-to-measure and very small volumes accounted for 20.4% and 1.4% of preparations, respectively. The overall preparation error rate was 0.9%. Error rates were significantly higher for difficult-to-measure (1.4%) and very small volumes (2.0%) compared to other volume types (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In the prospective substudy (N = 911), 65% of rejected preparations involved inaccurate volumes, with high-magnitude errors disproportionately linked to difficult-to-measure and very small volumes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Difficult-to-measure and very small volumes significantly increase the risk of preparation errors. Volume rounding, standardized concentrations, and age-appropriate formulations should be prioritized to improve pediatric medication safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:49:48Z","timestamp":1789040988000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medication Preparation Errors Involving Very Small and Difficult-to-measure Volumes in a Pediatric Hospital: A 14-year Descriptive Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Pascal","family":"B\u00e9dard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Forest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-\u00c9laine","family":"M\u00e9tras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Qc ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag272\/71022076\/zxag272.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag272\/71022076\/zxag272.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:29:37Z","timestamp":1789064977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag272\/8790147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag272","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-2082","1535-2900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-2082","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-2900","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"article-number":"zxag272"}}