{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:06:09Z","timestamp":1782277569699,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current literature and clinical practice guidelines on pediatric pain management are reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute pain is commonly present in neonatal and pediatric patients due to underlying disease states or procedures. Especially in institutions with limited pediatric pain services, it is imperative to describe the appropriate management of pain and pharmacotherapy options that are effective and safe in pediatric patients. Despite the knowledge of pain being an important aspect in the management of children, barriers exist, leading to suboptimal treatment. Addressing these barriers through education of healthcare practitioners, families, and patients will lead to optimizing the patient pain experience. Tools for pain assessment vary depending on the type of pain, the child\u2019s age and understanding of pain, and the clinical situation. Pharmacotherapy options for pain management in neonates and pediatric patients include opioid and nonopioid agents. Efficacy and safety data on the use of medications for the treatment of pain in pediatric patients is described. The delivery of medication encompasses patient-specific factors and preferences. Strategies for opioid stewardship and management of iatrogenic withdrawal pose a unique challenge in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The management of acute pain in neonates and pediatric patients should be a priority for all practitioners caring for these patients. Use of age-appropriate pain assessment tools and understanding of the mechanisms of action and roles in therapy of various nonopioid and opioid therapies can help optimize treatment of pain in neonatal and pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxz166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T20:04:24Z","timestamp":1566590664000},"page":"1511-1520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Considerations for neonatal and pediatric pain management"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Pooja","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, and Department of Clinical Pharmacy Services, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, and Department of Clinical Pharmacy Services, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091808540258200_CIT0001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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