{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:19:00Z","timestamp":1755695940134,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54GM114833-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM114833-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Center for Advanced Translational Science","award":["UL1TR001881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001881"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Development of scoring systems to predict the risk of aminoglycoside resistance and to guide therapy is described.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infections due to aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative rods (AR-GNRs) are increasingly common and associated with adverse outcomes; selection of effective initial antibiotic therapy is necessary to reduce adverse consequences and shorten length of stay. To determine risk factors for AR-GNR recovery from culture, cases of GNR infection among patients admitted to 2 institutions in a major academic hospital system during the period 2011\u20132016 were retrospectively analyzed. Gentamicin and tobramycin resistance (GTR-GNR) and amikacin resistance (AmR-GNR) patterns were analyzed separately. A total of 26,154 GNR isolates from 12,516 patients were analyzed, 6,699 of which were GTR, and 2,467 of which were AmR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In multivariate analysis, risk factors for GTR-GNR were presence of weight loss, admission from another medical or long-term care facility, a hemoglobin level of &amp;lt;11 g\/dL, receipt of any carbapenem in the prior 30 days, and receipt of any fluoroquinolone in the prior 30 days (C statistic, 0.63). Risk factors for AmR-GNR were diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, male gender, admission from another medical or long-term care facility, ventilation at any point prior to culture during the index hospitalization, receipt of any carbapenem in the prior 30 days, and receipt of any anti-MRSA agent in the prior 30 days (C statistic, 0.74). Multinomial and ordinal models demonstrated that the risk factors for the 2 resistance patterns differed significantly.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A scoring system derived from the developed risk prediction models can be applied by providers to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy for treatment of GNR infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxz201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T18:56:36Z","timestamp":1572461796000},"page":"1838-1847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk factors for development of aminoglycoside resistance among gram-negative rods"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Stefan E","family":"Richter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, and NIH BD2K 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