{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:30:07Z","timestamp":1787074207408,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information is missing on the tissue cell expression patterns of interleukin 33 (IL-33) and splice variants of the IL-33 receptor ST2 in normal and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lungs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the expression patterns of IL-33, the soluble ST2 (sST2) and membrane-bound ST2 (ST2L) splice variants in the poorly studied small airway and distal lung compartments in COPD and controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgically excised lung tissue was collected from 38 COPD patients and 21 non-COPD controls. Lung compartment expression of IL-33 and ST2 and key expressing cell types were assessed histologically by combined in situ hybridization and multiplex immunohistochemistry. Expression dynamics of IL-33, ST2L, and sST2 were explored by spatially resolved single-cell analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COPD lungs displayed increased IL-33 mRNA and IL-33 mRNA\/protein ratios, suggesting increased IL-33 turnover. Total ST2\/IL1RL1 mRNA levels were upregulated in COPD lungs. Mast cells constituted the major ST2-expressing immune cell population in controls and displayed a microenvironmental-specific upregulation of both ST2L and sST2 in COPD. In control alveolar regions, ST2Lhigh sST2high mast cells were present alongside IL-33\u2013expressing general capillary (gCap) and sST2moderate ST2Llow aerocyte endothelial subsets. In COPD, patchy alveolar regions displayed markedly elevated capillary sST2 and numbers of ST2L+ and IL-33+ gCaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By unraveling the expression patterns of IL-33 and the biologically opposing ST2L and sST2 splice variants in control and COPD lungs, the present study provides novel insights into IL-33\u2013mediated immunity in the distal lung, information that has bearing on treatment strategies targeting this pathway in lung diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:44:32Z","timestamp":1773924272000},"page":"1495-1509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mast cells and endothelial cells mediate interleukin-33 and ST2 responses in distal chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lungs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Cecilia K","family":"Andersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Medetect AB , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Premkumar","family":"Siddhuraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmie","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medetect AB , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Ahlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medetect AB , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Lind\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medetect AB , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josquin A","family":"Nys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lindstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery, Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Kolbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison A","family":"Humbles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Lutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (formerly Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam) , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanaika S","family":"Sabogal Pi\u00f1eros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (formerly Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam) , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 E","family":"Jonkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (formerly Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam) , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Tufvesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital , 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