{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:32:34Z","timestamp":1787671954397,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 300,000 predominantly Black, Hispanic, and low-income NYC residents live in New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) buildings. For decades, NYCHA residents have experienced both frequent mold complaints and substantial asthma burden. In 2019, NYCHA implemented \u2018Mold Busters,\u2019 an evidence-based, authority-wide program to reduce mold in their buildings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the hypothesis that the \u2018Mold Busters\u2019 intervention reduced asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits for NYCHA residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained 2016-2023, building-level asthma-related ED visit data among NYCHA residents and a \u2018Mold Busters\u2019 unexposed group living in proximate, non-NYCHA lower-income census tracts. We assessed the impact of \u2018Mold Busters\u2019 using doubly robust differences-in-differences analyses. We incorporated mold report, extreme precipitation, building, and neighborhood data to assess intervention efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2018Mold Busters\u2019 was associated with an average annual reduction of 7.2 (95% CI: -9.6, -4.8) asthma-related ED visits per 1,000 residents, translating to 2,200 fewer annual visits from 2022-2023 (19% lower than expected). Mold reports decreased post-\u2018Mold Busters,\u2019 but still increased following extreme precipitation events. Among buildings with the largest decreases in mold reports post-intervention, reductions in visit rates were as large as 12.0 (-16.9, -7.0) per 1,000 residents. Results were stronger among adults than children and in spring and winter months than in other months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale observational study to demonstrate that a city-wide mold intervention in public housing substantially reduced asthma ED visits. Housing interventions on asthma triggers could play a critical role in reducing longstanding asthma disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subject Categories<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2.11, 1.15, 6.01, 6.20, 1.17<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:41:43Z","timestamp":1787658103000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of a Large-Scale Mold Intervention in Public Housing on Asthma Emergency Department Visits"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Nina M","family":"Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences, , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Texas at Austin Department of Population Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan A","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, , Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Lovinsky-Desir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences, , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Department of Pediatrics, , New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Spira-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sybille","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYC Housing Authority Department of Performance Tracking and Analytics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Connecticut State University Health Sciences and Nursing, , Windham, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, , New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara E","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, , New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, , New York, NY"},{"name":"Center on Global Energy Policy , Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qixuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, , New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S","family":"Perzanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences, , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag441\/70784311\/aamag441.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag441\/70784311\/aamag441.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:09:51Z","timestamp":1787670591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag441\/8770353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag441","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"article-number":"aamag441"}}