{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:04:14Z","timestamp":1789538654551,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D), sharing metabolic risk factors, notably obesity, and increased cardiovascular outcomes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been shown to reduce OSA severity in clinical trials but their role in preventing incident OSA in T2D remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether GLP-1RA use is associated with a reduced risk of incident OSA compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), a weight-neutral comparator, in patients with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a population-based cohort study using the UK CPRD (2007\u20132023) database with an active-comparator, new-user design. Adults with T2D and BMI \u226530\u2009kg\/m\u00b2 initiating a GLP-1RA or DPP-4i were included, excluding individuals with prior sleep apnea. Propensity scores with fine-stratification weighting were used within BMI strata. The primary outcome was incident clinical diagnosis of OSA. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using an as-treated approach, with up to 3 years of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort included 47,315 GLP-1RAs and 159,066 DPP-4i initiators with baseline characteristics well balanced after weighting. During follow-up, 612 and 1,197 incident OSA cases occurred among GLP-1RAs and DPP-4i users, yielding incidence rates of 5.8 and 5.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The HR of incident OSA with GLP-1RA use compared with DPP-4i use was 1.07 (95% CI 0.93\u20131.23). Results were consistent across BMI strata, sex, drug type, and multiple sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In routine clinical care, GLP-1RAs were not associated with a decreased incidence of OSA in patients with T2D and no history of OSA, when compared with DPP-4i.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:12:16Z","timestamp":1789384336000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists to prevent obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes: active comparator, new user cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8427-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Khouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Pharmacovigilance unit, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital , Grenoble,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U 1300 , Grenoble,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4373-7876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Dell\u2019Aniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, , Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6619-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Jambon Barbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U 1300 , Grenoble,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5162-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Azoulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, , Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill University Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Medicine, , Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill University Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1281-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samy","family":"Suissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, , Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill University Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Medicine, , Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3832-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Pepin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U 1300 , Grenoble,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pneumologie-Physiologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag474\/71102519\/aamag474.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag474\/71102519\/aamag474.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:27:27Z","timestamp":1789536447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag474\/8798772"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajrccm\/aamag474","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"article-number":"aamag474"}}