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Fibroblasts and precision-cut lung slices were analyzed for apoptosis after ABT-199 and nintedanib treatment. Therapeutic interventions with ABT-199 and nintedanib in mice with repetitive bleomycin-induced progressive pulmonary fibrosis were assessed for profibrotic fibroblast and aberrant transitional epithelial cell apoptosis, lung collagen content, longitudinal oxygen saturation, and micro-computed tomography disease burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nintedanib treatment increased expression of proapoptotic BIM and antiapoptotic BCL-2 in PF-ILD primary fibroblasts. There was significantly increased apoptosis of fibroblasts in vitro after ABT-199. This was augmented after nintedanib co-treatment both in PF-ILD fibroblasts and precision-cut lung slices. ABT-199 significantly improved fibrosis in mice, which was further enhanced after nintedanib co-treatment, by targeted apoptosis of pathogenic fibroblasts and transitional epithelial cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proapoptotic effects of ABT-199 were increased with nintedanib co-treatment and reversed fibrosis in mice. Combination treatment induced profibrotic fibroblast and aberrant transitional epithelial cell apoptosis. These studies highlight a new mechanistic strategy to treat PF-ILD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajrcmb\/aanag045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:42:44Z","timestamp":1772800964000},"page":"1103-1113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nintedanib increases BCL-2 in fibrotic fibroblasts, enhancing ABT-199 apoptosis and fibrosis resolution"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Joseph C","family":"Cooley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah 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