{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:48:08Z","timestamp":1782859688536,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1I01BX002996-01A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01BX002996-01A2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50AA024337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50AA024337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM113226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM113226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic heavy alcohol intake frequently causes liver inflammation\/injury, and altered mineral metabolism may be involved in this liver pathology. In this study, we evaluated the association of heavy drinking, changes in serum magnesium levels and biochemical evidence of liver injury in alcohol-use-disorder (AUD) patients who had no clinical signs or symptoms of liver injury. We also aimed to identify any sex-based differences in patients with mild or no biochemical evidence of liver injury induced by heavy drinking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>114 heavy drinking alcohol-dependent (AD) female and male patients aged 21\u201365\u00a0years without clinical manifestations of liver injury, who were admitted to an alcohol treatment program, were grouped by alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels: \u2264\u200940\u00a0IU\/L, as no liver injury (GR.1), and ALT&amp;gt;40\u00a0IU\/L as mild liver injury (GR.2). Patients were actively drinking until the day of admission. Comprehensive metabolic biochemistry results, fatty acid panel, serum magnesium and drinking history data were collected at admission; and study-specific measures were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In all AD patients, lower magnesium was significantly associated with the heavy drinking marker and heavy drinking days past 90\u00a0days (HDD90). A lower serum magnesium concentration was observed in AD patients with mild liver injury. Females of both groups had mean levels of magnesium in the deficient range. A clinically significant drop in magnesium levels was observed only in the GR.2 (mild liver injury) male AD patients. Females showed a significant association between low magnesium levels and the \u03c96:\u03c93 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Specific heavy drinking markers showed an association with lower magnesium levels. Low serum magnesium levels are common in subjects with AUD and appear to be associated with the onset of liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaa001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T20:09:18Z","timestamp":1579810158000},"page":"164-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Lower Serum Magnesium Concentrations are associated With Specific Heavy Drinking Markers, Pro-Inflammatory Response and Early-Stage Alcohol-associated Liver Injury\u00a7"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Vatsalya","family":"Vatsalya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Hepatology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khushboo S","family":"Gala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maithili","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Southern Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie L","family":"Schwandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Umhau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C","family":"Cave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Hepatology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipendra","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay A","family":"Ramchandani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig J","family":"McClain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Hepatology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020032000574500600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2002.01008.x","article-title":"Muscle strength, Na, K-pumps, magnesium and potassium in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis\u2013relation to spironolactone","volume":"252","author":"Aagaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2020032000574500600_ref2","volume-title":"Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver 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