{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:27:03Z","timestamp":1790134023023,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To clarify whether smoking interferes with successful treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current systematic review investigates the potential moderating effect of smoking on behavioural and pharmacological treatment of AUD. In addition, this review summarizes the results of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of smoking cessation treatments in subjects with AUD on drinking outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the results show that 16 out of the 31 pharmacological and psychotherapeutic alcohol treatment studies showed that being a non-smoker or decreased tobacco consumption during AUD treatment is associated with beneficial drinking outcomes, including reduced drinking, later relapse and prolonged alcohol abstinence. As such, smoking predicts poorer drinking outcomes in alcohol treatments. In the stop-smoking studies in patients with AUD, reduced smoking had virtually no effect on drinking behaviours. The inverse association between smoking and drinking outcome observed here indicates that non-smokers may be more successful to attain alcohol abstinence than smokers do. However, this association does not imply per se that smoking triggers alcohol consumption, since it can also mean that alcohol consumption promotes smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is concluded that (continued) tobacco smoking may have a negative moderating effect on the treatment outcome of AUD treatments. To optimize treatment outcome of AUD one may consider informing and counselling patients with AUD about the risks of smoking for treatment outcomes and offering support for smoking cessation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agac027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T19:18:39Z","timestamp":1651173519000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Smoking As an Outcome Moderator In the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8847-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"van Amsterdam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"van den Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.600394","article-title":"Factors related to recent alcohol abstinence among individuals who received previous treatment","volume":"38","author":"Ahmedani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.11.007","article-title":"Medications for alcohol use disorders: an overview","volume":"185","author":"Akbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13601","article-title":"Nicotine-use\/smoking is associated with the efficacy of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"42","author":"Anton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref4","article-title":"Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people in treatment for or recovery from substance use disorders","volume":"11","author":"Apollonio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.025","article-title":"Effects of topiramate or naltrexone on tobacco use among male alcohol-dependent outpatients","volume":"105","author":"Baltieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1995.tb03507.x","article-title":"Relationship between alcohol and tobacco dependencies among alcoholics who smoke","volume":"90","author":"Batel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(96)90004-8","article-title":"Predictors of tobacco quit attempts among recovering alcoholics","volume":"8","author":"Bobo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.9368779.x","article-title":"Effect of smoking cessation counseling on recovery from alcoholism: findings from a randomized community intervention trial","volume":"93","author":"Bobo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13994","article-title":"Longitudinal findings from a randomized clinical trial of varenicline for alcohol use disorder with comorbid cigarette smoking","volume":"43","author":"Bold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106137","article-title":"Smoking characteristics and alcohol use among women in treatment for alcohol use disorder","volume":"101","author":"Bold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref11","first-page":"650","article-title":"Psychedelics in the treatment of substance use disorders and psychosis","volume":"62","author":"Brink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.026","article-title":"Intensive intervention for alcohol-dependent smokers in early recovery: a randomized trial","volume":"122","author":"Carmody","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713003206","article-title":"Smoking cessation is associated with lower rates of mood\/anxiety and alcohol use disorders","volume":"44","author":"Cavazos-Rehg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.019","article-title":"Predictors of quit attempts and successful quit attempts among individuals with alcohol use disorders in a nationally representative sample","volume":"141","author":"Chiappetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00337.x","article-title":"Effects of nicotine deprivation on urges to drink and smoke in alcoholic smokers","volume":"98","author":"Cooney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.21.3.277","article-title":"Alcohol and tobacco cessation in alcohol-dependent smokers: analysis of real-time reports","volume":"21","author":"Cooney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02624.x","article-title":"Smoking cessation during alcohol treatment: a randomized trial of combination nicotine patch plus nicotine gum","volume":"104","author":"Cooney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038633","article-title":"Concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment: effect on daily process measures of alcohol relapse risk","volume":"83","author":"Cooney","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.07.002","article-title":"A randomized trial of contingency management for smoking cessation during intensive outpatient alcohol treatment","volume":"72","author":"Cooney","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.2.171","article-title":"Clinical correlates of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence in alcohol-dependent men and women. The collaborative study group on the genetics of alcoholism","volume":"35","author":"Daeppen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00536.x","article-title":"Rates and correlates of relapse among individuals in remission from DSM-IV alcohol dependence: a 3-year follow-up","volume":"31","author":"Dawson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13267","article-title":"Psychiatric, demographic, and brain morphological predictors of relapse after treatment for an alcohol use disorder","volume":"41","author":"Durazzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000133","article-title":"Moderators of varenicline treatment effects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for alcohol dependence: an exploratory analysis","volume":"9","author":"Falk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000519","article-title":"Prospects for pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol use disorder: an update on recent human studies","volume":"32","author":"Farokhnia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.07.001","article-title":"Changes in cigarette consumption and drinking outcomes: findings from project MATCH","volume":"29","author":"Friend","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v24n02_06","article-title":"Smoking cessation and alcohol consumption in individuals in treatment for alcohol use disorders","volume":"24","author":"Friend","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.014","article-title":"Ethnic differences in alcohol treatment outcomes and the effect of concurrent smoking cessation treatment","volume":"92","author":"Fu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.03.023","article-title":"Cigarette smoking predicts differential benefit from naltrexone for alcohol dependence","volume":"72","author":"Fucito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00339.x","article-title":"Opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, OPRK1, and OPRD1) variants and response to naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence: results from the VA cooperative study","volume":"31","author":"Gelernter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2007.03.011","article-title":"Bupropion and nicotine patch as smoking cessation aids in alcoholics","volume":"41","author":"Grant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref31","author":"Green","year":"1976"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00255.x","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and the risk for alcohol use disorders among adolescent drinkers","volume":"30","author":"Grucza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2000.61.157","article-title":"Smoking and drinking among alcoholics in treatment: cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships","volume":"61","author":"Gulliver","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14594","article-title":"The effects of pharmacological interventions on smoking cessation in people with alcohol dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials","volume":"75","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13099","article-title":"An international systematic review of smoking prevalence in addiction treatment","volume":"111","author":"Guydish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref36","first-page":"8","article-title":"Human genetics of addiction: new insights and future directions","volume":"20","author":"Hancock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.02.022","article-title":"Non-daily smoking predicts hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders in young adults in a longitudinal U.S. sample","volume":"118","author":"Harrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.4.375","article-title":"Effects of major depression on remission and relapse of substance dependence","volume":"59","author":"Hasin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntp077","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of bupropion sustained-release for preventing tobacco relapse in recovering alcoholics","volume":"11","author":"Hays","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2005.06.003","article-title":"Craving and other characteristics of the comorbidity of alcohol and nicotine dependence","volume":"20","author":"Hertling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.06.006","article-title":"Long-term behavior in treated alcoholism: evidence for beneficial carry-over effects of abstinence from smoking on alcohol use and vice versa","volume":"32","author":"Hintz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026039","article-title":"Prospective analysis of early lapse to drinking and smoking among individuals in concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment","volume":"26","author":"Holt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12535","article-title":"Recovery from alcohol dependence: do smoking indicators predict abstinence?","volume":"26","author":"Hufnagel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2003.tb04419.x","article-title":"Efficacy of nicotine patch in smokers with a history of alcoholism","volume":"27","author":"Hughes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530380039029","article-title":"Mortality following inpatient addictions treatment: role of tobacco use in a community-based cohort","volume":"275","author":"Hurt","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.14.1600","article-title":"Use of oral topiramate to promote smoking abstinence among alcohol-dependent smokers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"165","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490590924728","article-title":"Co-morbidity of smoking in patients with psychiatric and substance use disorders","volume":"14","author":"Kalman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.01.001","article-title":"High-dose nicotine patch therapy for smokers with a history of alcohol dependence: 36-week outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Kalman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.12.003","article-title":"Unaided smoking cessation among smokers in treatment for alcohol dependence","volume":"30","author":"Karam-Hage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2012.00465.x","article-title":"Prevalence of smoking and other health risk factors in people attending residential substance abuse treatment","volume":"31","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2013.09.004","article-title":"Predictors for successful smoking cessation in Korean adults","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Nurs Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2008.04.001","article-title":"A quantitative review of the ubiquitous relapse curve","volume":"36","author":"Kirshenbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.20.2606","article-title":"Smoking and mental illness: a population-based prevalence study","volume":"284","author":"Lasser","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref54","first-page":"1503","article-title":"Factors associated with successful smoking cessation in the United States, 2000","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200802443742","article-title":"Risk factors for treatment failure in smokers: relationship to alcohol use and to lifetime history of an alcohol use disorder","volume":"10","author":"Leeman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Smoking, mental health and addiction: a review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Lien","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Addict Res Prev Med"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03252-9","article-title":"Smoking among inpatients in treatment for substance use disorders: prevalence and effect on mental health and quality of life","volume":"21","author":"Lien","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e31829623f4","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of varenicline tartrate for alcohol dependence","volume":"7","author":"Litten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7072789","article-title":"Successful smoking cessation and duration of abstinence--an analysis of socioeconomic determinants","volume":"7","author":"Marti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.1.190","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of three smoking interventions in 205 recovering alcoholics: one-year results of project SCRAP-tobacco","volume":"65","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3181917d53","article-title":"Effects of nicotine and illicit substance use on alcoholism treatment outcomes and acamprosate efficacy","volume":"3","author":"Mason","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185549","article-title":"How can we use our knowledge of alcohol-tobacco interactions to reduce alcohol use?","volume":"9","author":"McKee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.7.716","article-title":"Smoking status as a clinical indicator for alcohol misuse in US adults","volume":"167","author":"McKee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.01.029","article-title":"Varenicline reduces alcohol self-administration in heavy-drinking smokers","volume":"66","author":"McKee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref65","first-page":"569","article-title":"Smoking cessation in people with alcohol and other drug problems","volume":"45","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Austr Fam Physician"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.09.011","article-title":"Predictive validity of treatment allocation guidelines on drinking outcome in alcohol-dependent patients","volume":"38","author":"Merkx","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref67","first-page":"118","article-title":"Treating alcohol problems in the context of other drug abuse","volume":"20","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.026","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral smoking cessation during alcohol detoxification treatment: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"126","author":"Mueller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.04.003","article-title":"Predicting relapse after alcohol use disorder treatment in a high-risk cohort: the roles of anhedonia and smoking","volume":"126","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.Suppl1.17","article-title":"Relapse and maintenance issues for smoking cessation","volume":"19","author":"Ockene","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3544","article-title":"Effect of varenicline combined with medical management on alcohol use disorder with comorbid cigarette smoking: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"75","author":"O'Malley","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13943","article-title":"Mecamylamine treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"113","author":"Petrakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.019","article-title":"Results from a pilot clinical trial of varenicline for the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"133","author":"Plebani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agx031","article-title":"The influence of smoking and smokeless tobacco on the progression, severity and treatment outcome in alcohol-dependent individuals","volume":"52","author":"Rauwolf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490601077825","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and long-term alcohol and drug treatment outcomes: a telephone follow-up at five years","volume":"16","author":"Satre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(01)00129-X","article-title":"Relapse prevention in alcoholics by cigarette smoking? Involvement of nicotinic-dopaminergic mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Schmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agm027","article-title":"Results from two pharmacotherapy trials show alcoholic smokers were more severely alcohol dependent but less prone to relapse than alcoholic non-smokers","volume":"42","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.05.038","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder relapse factors: a systematic review","volume":"278","author":"Sliedrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051466","article-title":"Smoking and mental illness in the U.S. population","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.07.013","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences in smoking cessation: a review","volume":"92","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref81","first-page":"124","article-title":"Alcohol abuse and smoking: dual recoveries","volume":"20","author":"Sobell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta25590","article-title":"Smoking cessation medicines and e-cigarettes: a systematic review, network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"25","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv127","article-title":"A systematic review of smoking cessation interventions for adults in substance abuse treatment or recovery","volume":"18","author":"Thurgood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-3289(95)90008-X","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoking on alcohol treatment outcome","volume":"7","author":"Toneatto","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.016","article-title":"In the heat of the moment: alcohol consumption and smoking lapse and relapse among adolescents who have quit smoking","volume":"126","author":"Van Zundert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2013.785557","article-title":"Changes in smoking for adults with and without alcohol and drug use disorders: longitudinal evaluation in the US population","volume":"39","author":"Weinberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12840","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and risk of alcohol use relapse among adults in recovery from alcohol use disorders","volume":"39","author":"Weinberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.009","article-title":"Cigarette smoking quit rates among adults with and without alcohol use disorders and heavy alcohol use, 2002-2015: a representative sample of the United States population","volume":"180","author":"Weinberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10062","article-title":"Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of substance use disorder relapse: a nationally representative, prospective longitudinal investigation","volume":"78","author":"Weinberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13922","article-title":"Cigarette use among individuals with alcohol use disorders in the United States, 2002 to 2016: trends overall and by race\/ethnicity","volume":"43","author":"Weinberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022889","article-title":"Predictors of heavy drinking during and following treatment","volume":"25","author":"Witkiewitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01565.x","article-title":"Drinking patterns and health status in smoking and nonsmoking alcoholics","volume":"19","author":"York","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2022052023301056400_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200802443569","article-title":"Tobacco use and cessation in psychiatric disorders: National Institute of Mental Health report","volume":"10","author":"Ziedonis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"}],"container-title":["Alcohol and Alcoholism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agac027\/43775792\/agac027.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agac027\/43775792\/agac027.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T20:35:42Z","timestamp":1700512542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agac027\/6589503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"references-count":93,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agac027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-0414","1464-3502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-0414","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3502","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"article-number":"agac027"}}