{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:53:14Z","timestamp":1791111194467,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT C) to phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in middle-aged randomly selected volunteers. Apply previously suggested lower cut-offs for PEth using moderate alcohol intake according to AUDIT C as a reference.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Within the Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study, 2255 middle-aged (50\u201364\u00a0years of age) volunteers in northern Sweden participated in comparing AUDIT C to PEth 16:0\/18:1.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was a moderate correlation between PEth 16:0\/18:1 and AUDIT C (r\u2009=\u20090.66). None of the participants with the AUDIT C-score 0 had a measurable PEth. Of moderate alcohol consumers, according to AUDIT C (AUDIT C 1\u20133 women, 1\u20134 men), 96% had a PEth below 0.3\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L, 91% had a PEth below 0.16\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L, and 84% had a PEth below 0.11\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L. With PEth equivalent to excessive alcohol consumption (\u22650.3\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L), 26% had an AUDIT C-score below excessive alcohol consumption (&amp;lt;4 for women and &amp;lt;5 for men). Thirty percent of patients with a PEth \u22650.16\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L had an AUDIT C-score below excessive alcohol consumption, and 37% had a PEth \u22650.11\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L. We found no significant correlation between BMI and PEth or AUDIT C.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a significant correlation between AUDIT C and PEth. Using AUDIT C alone, 26% of high-consumers, according to PEth, are not found in our cohort, but an AUDIT C-score of 0 will exclude high consumption, according to PEth. Our findings support the current cut-off for PEth of 0.3\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L, but a lower cut-off seems reasonable.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agae048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T21:33:19Z","timestamp":1721856799000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["AUDIT C compared to PEth in middle-aged volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Fredriksson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5 , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e5rten","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5 , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072320162694600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.02.013","article-title":"AUDIT and its abbreviated versions in detecting heavy and binge drinking in a general population survey","volume":"103","author":"Aalto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2024072320162694600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl027","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) concentrations in blood are correlated to reported alcohol intake in alcohol-dependent patients","volume":"41","author":"Aradottir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2024072320162694600_ref3","volume-title":"AUDIT The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [Online]","author":"Babor","year":"2001"},{"key":"2024072320162694600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j909","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j909","article-title":"Association between clinically recorded alcohol consumption and initial presentation of 12 cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study using linked health records","volume":"356","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024072320162694600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12384","article-title":"The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study: objectives and design","volume":"278","author":"Bergstrom","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2024072320162694600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00403.x","article-title":"AUDIT-C as a brief screen for alcohol misuse in primary care","volume":"31","author":"Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2024072320162694600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12008","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and the risk of hypertension in men and women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Briasoulis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"2024072320162694600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789","article-title":"The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. 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