{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T07:56:29Z","timestamp":1779177389277,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DA24136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA24136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA10788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA10788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009804","name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center"},{"name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Widespread brain metabolite abnormalities in those with alcohol use disorder (AUD) were reported in numerous studies, but the effects of the pro-atherogenic conditions of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C seropositivity, and hyperlipidemia on metabolite levels were not considered. These conditions were associated with brain metabolite abnormalities in those without AUD. We predicted treatment-seeking individuals with AUD and pro-atherogenic conditions (Atherogenic+) demonstrate lower regional metabolite markers of neuronal viability [N-acetylaspartate (NAA)] and cell membrane turnover\/synthesis [choline-containing compounds (Cho)], compared with those with AUD without pro-atherogenic conditions (Atherogenic\u2212) and healthy controls (CON).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atherogenic+ (n\u2009=\u200959) and Atherogenic\u2212 (n\u2009=\u200951) and CON (n\u2009=\u200949) completed a 1.5\u00a0T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study. Groups were compared on NAA, Cho, total creatine, and myoinositol in cortical gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and select subcortical regions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atherogenic+ had lower frontal GM and temporal WM NAA than CON. Atherogenic+ showed lower parietal GM, frontal, parietal and occipital WM and lenticular nuclei NAA level than Atherogenic\u2212 and CON. Atherogenic\u2212 showed lower frontal GM and WM NAA than CON. Atherogenic+ had lower Cho level than CON in the frontal GM, parietal WM, and thalamus. Atherogenic+ showed lower frontal WM and cerebellar vermis Cho than Atherogenic\u2212 and CON.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings suggest proatherogenic conditions in those with AUD were associated with increased compromise of neuronal integrity and cell membrane turnover\/synthesis. The greater metabolite abnormalities observed in Atherogenic+ may relate to increased oxidative stress-related compromise of neuronal and glial cell structure and\/or impaired arterial vasoreactivity\/lumen viability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agae055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T05:05:08Z","timestamp":1723352708000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pro-atherogenic medical conditions are associated with widespread regional brain metabolite abnormalities in those with alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5969-9544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy C","family":"Durazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , 3801 Miranda Ave. (151Y), Palo Alto, CA 94304 , United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305 , United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric P","family":"Kraybill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , 3801 Miranda Ave. (151Y), Palo Alto, CA 94304 , United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren H","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine , 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305 , United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April C","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , 3801 Miranda Ave. (151Y), Palo Alto, CA 94304 , United 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