{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:41:32Z","timestamp":1793227292864,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"NIAAA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA027255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA027255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016810","name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Peter Boris Chair in Addiction Research"},{"name":"Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Translational Addiction Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous neuroimaging research in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has found altered functional connectivity in the brain\u2019s salience, default mode, and central executive (CEN) networks (i.e. the triple network model), though their specific associations with AUD severity and heavy drinking remains unclear. This study utilized resting-state fMRI to examine functional connectivity in these networks and measures of alcohol misuse.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seventy-six adult heavy drinkers completed a 7-min resting-state functional MRI scan during visual fixation. Linear regression models tested if connectivity in the three target networks was associated with past 12-month AUD symptoms and number of heavy drinking days in the past 30\u00a0days. Exploratory analyses examined correlations between connectivity clusters and impulsivity and psychopathology measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Functional connectivity within the CEN network (right and left lateral prefrontal cortex [LPFC] seeds co-activating with 13 and 15 clusters, respectively) was significantly associated with AUD symptoms (right LPFC: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009.337, p-FDR\u2009=\u2009.016; left LPFC: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009.291, p-FDR\u2009=\u2009.028) but not heavy drinking (p-FDR\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009.749). Post-hoc tests revealed six clusters co-activating with the CEN network were associated with AUD symptoms\u2014right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left and right cerebellum. Neither the default mode nor the salience network was significantly associated with alcohol variables. Connectivity in the left LPFC was correlated with monetary delay discounting (r\u2009=\u00a0.25, p\u2009=\u2009.03).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings support previous associations between connectivity within the CEN network and AUD severity, providing additional specificity to the relevance of the triple network model to AUD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agae056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T05:49:38Z","timestamp":1723441778000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Triple network resting-state functional connectivity patterns of alcohol heavy drinking"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Marsden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tegan","family":"Hargreaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina K","family":"Syan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"MacKillop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L9C 0E3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Amlung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas , 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Suite 4001, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA"},{"name":"Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas , 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Suite 4001, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref1","author":"Alcohol Use in the United States: Age Groups and Demographic Characteristics | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12017","article-title":"Dissociable brain signatures of choice conflict and immediate reward preferences in alcohol use disorders","volume":"19","author":"Amlung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13535","article-title":"Steep delay discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis of continuous associations","volume":"112","author":"Amlung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B Methodol"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaa100","article-title":"The course of cognitive performance during inpatient treatment in patients with alcohol use disorder with No, mild or major neurocognitive disorders","volume":"56","author":"Bruijnen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.008","article-title":"Frontal Hyperconnectivity related to discounting and reversal learning in cocaine subjects","volume":"69","author":"Camchong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref7","volume-title":"Canada\u2019s Guidance on Alcohol and Health","author":"Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref8","first-page":"2272","article-title":"Disruption of functional connectivity of the default-mode network in alcoholism","volume":"21","author":"Chanraud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY: 1991)"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.08.028","article-title":"Delay discounting is predicted by scale-free dynamics of default mode network and salience network","volume":"362","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3774","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22436","article-title":"Increased functional coupling between the left fronto-parietal network and anterior insula predicts steeper delay discounting in smokers","volume":"35","author":"Clewett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.02.013","article-title":"Examination of a short version of the UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale","volume":"39","author":"Cyders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref12","author":"Drinking Levels Defined | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101782","article-title":"Resting state connectivity best predicts alcohol use severity in moderate to heavy alcohol users","volume":"22","author":"Fede","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584","article-title":"Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder","volume":"72","author":"Grant","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1261-1","article-title":"Cortical activation during delay discounting in abstinent methamphetamine dependent individuals","volume":"201","author":"Hoffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref17","article-title":"Spontaneous neural activity in the three principal networks underlying delay discounting: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"15","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2019.103829","article-title":"Feeding strategies and shade type for growing cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue","volume":"230","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000238X","article-title":"Effect of alcohol use disorder family history on cognitive function","volume":"52","author":"Khemiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30213-5","article-title":"Prevention, screening, and treatment for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder","volume":"6","author":"Knox","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035973","article-title":"A 5-trial adjusting delay discounting task: accurate discount rates in less than one minute","volume":"22","author":"Koffarnus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15828","article-title":"Functional connectivity in the central executive network predicts changes in binge drinking behavior during emerging adulthood: an observational prospective study","volume":"117","author":"Lesnewich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4886","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1342-12.2013","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity predicts impulsivity in economic decision-making","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2017.0572","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity observed at rest in children and adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol","volume":"8","author":"Little","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref25","article-title":"Value-based decision-making network functional connectivity correlates with substance use and delay discounting behaviour among young adults","volume":"38","author":"Loganathan","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2229-0","article-title":"Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis","volume":"216","author":"MacKillop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref27","article-title":"Executive dysfunction in patients with alcohol use disorder: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Maharjan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref28","article-title":"Intrinsic brain functional connectivity patterns in alcohol use disorder. Brain","volume":"4","author":"Maleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Communications"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref29","volume-title":"Multivariate Analysis","author":"Mardia","year":"1979"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003","article-title":"Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model","volume":"15","author":"Menon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109385","article-title":"Towards a new model of understanding \u2013 the triple network, psychopathology and the structure of the mind","volume":"133","author":"Menon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20281","article-title":"Frontoparietal cortical activity of methamphetamine-dependent and comparison subjects performing a delay discounting task","volume":"28","author":"Monterosso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1159\/000492160","article-title":"Neurocognitive functioning in alcohol use disorder: cognitive test results do not tell the whole story","volume":"24","author":"Moritz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2022.111461","article-title":"Resting state functional connectivity in alcohol users and co-users of other substances","volume":"321","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu134","article-title":"The resting brain of alcoholics","volume":"25","author":"M\u00fcller-Oehring","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000181","article-title":"Functional and structural neuroimaging studies of delayed reward discounting in addiction: a systematic review","volume":"145","author":"Owens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001059","article-title":"The diagnostic assessment research tool in action: a preliminary evaluation of a Semistructured diagnostic interview for DSM-5 disorders","volume":"34","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.5143\/JESK.2019.38.6.471","article-title":"Alteration of functional connectivity in salience network among individuals with alcohol use disorder","volume":"38","author":"Seok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30231-2","article-title":"National, regional, and global burdens of disease from 2000 to 2016 attributable to alcohol use: a comparative risk assessment study","volume":"5","author":"Shield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3","volume-title":"Measuring Alcohol Consumption: Psychosocial and Biochemical Methods","author":"Sobell","year":"1992"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.05.033","article-title":"Functional and structural connectivity of the executive control network in college binge drinkers","volume":"99","author":"Sousa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2016.1206113","article-title":"Meta-analyses of clinical neuropsychological tests of executive dysfunction and impulsivity in alcohol use disorder","volume":"43","author":"Stephan","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref44","article-title":"Functional and structural alteration of default mode, executive control, and salience networks in alcohol use disorder","volume":"12","author":"Suk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.117","article-title":"Resting state functional connectivity in addiction: lessons learned and a road ahead","volume":"62","author":"Sutherland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2262-9","article-title":"Validation and calibration of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Argentina","volume":"19","author":"Urtasun","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.11.012","article-title":"Alterations of resting state functional network connectivity in the brain of nicotine and alcohol users","volume":"151","author":"Vergara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12505","article-title":"Reduced left executive control network functional connectivity is associated with alcohol use disorders","volume":"38","author":"Weiland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2012.0073","article-title":"Conn: a functional connectivity toolbox for correlated and Anticorrelated brain networks","volume":"2","author":"Whitfield-Gabrieli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1364","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.230715","article-title":"Canadian guideline for the clinical management of high-risk drinking and alcohol use disorder","volume":"195","author":"Wood","year":"2023","journal-title":"CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref52","article-title":"The resting-state neural network of delay discounting","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00016","article-title":"An updated survey on statistical thresholding and sample size of fMRI studies","volume":"12","author":"Yeung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22951","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity and presynaptic monoamine signaling in alcohol dependence","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2024081205492582900_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12272","article-title":"Model-free functional connectivity and impulsivity correlates of alcohol dependence: a resting-state study","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Biol"}],"container-title":["Alcohol and Alcoholism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article-pdf\/59\/5\/agae056\/58796322\/agae056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article-pdf\/59\/5\/agae056\/58796322\/agae056.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T05:50:09Z","timestamp":1723441809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agae056\/7731464"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agae056","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-0414","1464-3502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-0414","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3502","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"article-number":"agae056"}}