{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:30:06Z","timestamp":1791833406194,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Foundation\u2019s Social and Economic Value of Health Programme","award":["756273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["756273"]}]},{"name":"Health Foundation\u2019s Social and Economic Value of Health Programme","award":["807293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["807293"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_00022\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00022\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPHSU17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPHSU17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003186","name":"NRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCAF\/15\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCAF\/15\/02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["949582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["949582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Economics and Social Research Council (ESRC) Future Research Leaders grant","award":["ES\/N000757\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/N000757\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norwegian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["295989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["295989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018645","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/M020894\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/M020894\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018645","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRC_PC_13027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRC_PC_13027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["213674\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["213674\/Z\/18\/Z"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009670","name":"NARSAD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["27,404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27,404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_0011\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_0011\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_0011\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_0011\/7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol consumption is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, but causality is unclear. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to estimate the effect of alcohol consumption on socioeconomic and employment-related outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted observational analyses and two-sample MR analyses using 230\u00a0775 working-age participants (aged 40+) of White British ethnicity\/ancestry (54.5% male) from the UK Biobank.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>employment status (employed vs not; employed vs sickness\/disability, unemployment, retirement or caring for home\/family); weekly hours worked (among employed); deprivation (Townsend Deprivation Index); highest educational attainment; and household income.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>alcohol consumption (units per week), hazardous alcohol consumption assessed by Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-C score and Alcohol use disorder (AUD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MR analyses suggested that alcohol exposure increased the risk of living in a more deprived area. A unit per week increase in alcohol consumption increased deprivation by 0.31 deciles (95% CI: 0.10, 0.52). A unit increase in liability for AUD increased deprivation by 0.09 deciles (95% CI: 0.02, 0.16). Findings, and often effect directions, differed by sex. In men, increased alcohol consumption decreased household income and increased the risk of not being in paid employment and unemployment. In women, increased alcohol consumption decreased the risk of not being in paid employment, retirement, and caring for home\/family. Effects were generally more detrimental for men than women. This is especially evident for not being in paid employment, household income, and deprivation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of living in deprived neighbourhoods. It may have deleterious effects on employment (including unemployment) and income, but these differ strongly by sex, largely affecting men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaf038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T07:56:02Z","timestamp":1749110162000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of alcohol consumption on employment and social outcomes: a Mendelian randomisation study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Desmond D","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow , Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow , Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine , DUMC 3084, 203 Baker House, Durham, NC 27710 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil M","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, University College London , Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, W1T 7NF ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Statistical Sciences, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Postboks 8900, Torgarden, NO-7491 Trondheim ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Demou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow , Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus R","family":"Munaf\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol , 12a, Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa Vittal","family":"Katikireddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow , Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080406414299000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.11.024","article-title":"Adjust for multiple comparisons? 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