{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:41:39Z","timestamp":1753875699278,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol consumption among women of reproductive age is a growing concern in India, with significant implications for reproductive health. Despite evidence linking alcohol use to suboptimal contraceptive behaviors, research on the patterns and determinants of contraceptive use remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from 6626 married women aged 15\u201349\u00a0years who reported alcohol consumption and 468 142 who did not were drawn from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019\u20132021). Contraceptive use was classified by the World Health Organization\u2019s effectiveness levels. Alcohol consumption was examined by type (homemade, country liquor, Indian Made Foreign Liquor), frequency (daily, weekly, less than weekly), and duration. Covariates included age, education, wealth, residence, parity, and tribal status. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors of contraceptive use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol use was associated with lower odds of effective contraceptive use (aOR\u2009=\u2009.86, 95% CI: .82\u20130.90)\u201431.18% reported no contraceptive use, while 75.09% used very effective or effective methods, primarily female sterilization (45.44%) and oral contraceptives (19.32%). Homemade alcohol users showed the highest prevalence of effective methods (82.76%), while IMFL consumers reported higher non-use (33.44%). Those who drink daily relied more on effective methods compared to less frequent drinkers. Education and wealth were significant predictors among all women but not in those who drink alcohol. State-wise variations were notable, with low rates of contraceptive use in Meghalaya (18.52%) and high rates in Sikkim (81.72%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Integrated family planning and alcohol screening and brief intervention services are needed, especially in underserved regions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaf040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T06:57:56Z","timestamp":1750834676000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contraceptive use among married women who drink alcohol in India: a cross-sectional analysis of NFHS-5 survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0988-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Sector 12, Chandigarh , 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Sector 12, Chandigarh , 160012,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Panjab University , Sector 12, Chandigarh , 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradip Kumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Sector 12, Chandigarh , 160012,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinjini","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar-801507 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025062502575428500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1219003","article-title":"Utilization of modern temporary contraceptive methods and its predictors among reproductive-aged women in India: Insights from NFHS-5 (2019\u201321)","volume":"4","author":"Agrawal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Glob Women\u2019s Heal"},{"key":"2025062502575428500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01417-7","article-title":"Unmet need for contraception and its associated factors among women in Papua New Guinea: Analysis from the demographic and health survey","volume":"19","author":"Agyekum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025062502575428500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690601140980","article-title":"Alcohol, gender and drinking Problems: Perspectives from low and middle income countries","volume":"2","author":"Alcohol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2025062502575428500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2485","DOI":"10.1002\/pa.2485","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and use of contraceptives: Evidence from 2018 Nigerian demographic and health survey in Nigeria","volume":"22","author":"Asogwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Public Aff"},{"key":"2025062502575428500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028166","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2022.1028166","article-title":"Association of alcohol consumption with abortion among ever-married reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis","volume":"3","author":"Ayana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Glob Women\u2019s Heal"},{"key":"2025062502575428500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/17441730500441178","article-title":"Ultramodern contraception. 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