{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:42:43Z","timestamp":1790286163198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA027255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA027255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA025911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA025911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016810","name":"Peter Boris Chair in Addictions Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Translational Addiction Research","award":["CRC-2020-00170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC-2020-00170"]}]},{"name":"Sperduto Professorship in Clinical Psychology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A reinforcer pathology approach to alcohol use disorder (AUD) proposes that high alcohol reinforcing value (high alcohol demand) and overvaluation of immediate rewards (high discounting of future rewards) are critical determinants of problematic drinking. Applied to clinical settings, these indicators have not been examined as potential assessments for use in clinical practice. Toward that end, the current study examined whether reinforcer pathology indicators accurately classify individuals with AUD from recreational drinkers without AUD at levels that would meet clinical accuracy benchmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a case-control sample of 267 Canadian adults (180 meeting DSM-5 criteria for AUD), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed using reinforcer pathology indicators from an alcohol purchase task and a monetary delay discounting tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of the ROC curves revealed that three alcohol demand indices from the alcohol purchase task [i.e. Intensity (observed consumption when free), Omax (observed maximum expenditure), and \u03b1 (a derived index of price-sensitivity)] significantly differed by groups and met established clinical benchmarks for diagnostic differentiation. While delay discounting significantly differed between groups, it did not meet benchmarks as a clinical differentiator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides evidence that behavioral economic measures of alcohol valuation accurately diagnostically discriminate individuals with AUD from recreational drinkers. Future work should consider utilizing other behavioral economic indices and validating these results in more diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaf043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T15:40:27Z","timestamp":1763394027000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diagnostic validity of alcohol demand and monetary delay discounting in relation to alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7982-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Najdzionek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8P 3R2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8P 3R2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Amlung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas , 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas , 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Sweet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Georgia , 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"MacKillop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8P 3R2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton , 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8P 3R2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.04.003","article-title":"Measurement of substance-free reinforcement in addiction: a systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Acuff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-023-00167-y","article-title":"A contextualized reinforcer pathology approach to addiction","volume":"2","author":"Acuff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature reviews psychology"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000943","article-title":"Applying behavioral economics to understand changes in alcohol outcomes during the transition to adulthood: longitudinal relations and differences by sex and race","volume":"38","author":"Acuff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychology of addictive behaviors: journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.06.001","article-title":"Monetary delay discounting in gambling and cocaine dependence with personality comorbidities","volume":"39","author":"Albein-Urios","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13535","article-title":"Steep delay discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis of continuous associations","volume":"112","author":"Amlung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2102","article-title":"Delay discounting as a transdiagnostic process in psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Amlung","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-05244-8","article-title":"Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) accuracy in cancer patients","volume":"28","author":"Annunziata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/s1364-6613(00)01804-0","article-title":"Episodic future thinking","volume":"5","author":"Atance","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000460","article-title":"Future thinking to decrease real-world drinking in alcohol use disorder: repairing reinforcer pathology in a randomized proof-of-concept trial","volume":"30","author":"Athamneh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref10","unstructured":"Belisario K, Goodman B, Minhas M. et\u00a0al. \u00a0The systematic cleaning and processing of purchase task data: an R statistical package (v1.5.0). Zenodo. 2023. 10.5281\/zenodo.7713050."},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s40732-017-0244-1","article-title":"Differences in delay, but not probability discounting, in current smokers, E-cigarette users, and never smokers","volume":"67","author":"Bia\u0142aszek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Rec"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153724","article-title":"The behavioral economics of substance use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair","volume":"10","author":"Bickel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001031","article-title":"Reinforcer pathology's alternative reinforcer hypothesis: a preliminary examination","volume":"40","author":"Bickel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health psychology: official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15406","article-title":"Recovery from alcohol use disorder: reinforcer pathology theory, measurement, and methods","volume":"48","author":"Bickel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.06.009","article-title":"Latent factor structure of a behavioral economic cigarette demand curve in adolescent smokers","volume":"37","author":"Bidwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref16","first-page":"299","volume-title":"International Handbook of Alcohol Dependence and Problems","author":"Bigelow","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.12.029","article-title":"ROC-ing along: evaluation and interpretation of receiver operating characteristic curves","volume":"159","author":"Carter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref18","volume-title":"Results from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables","author":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01455.x","article-title":"Neural and behavioral mechanisms of impulsive choice in alcohol use disorder","volume":"35","author":"Claus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13770","article-title":"Brief motivational intervention for underage young adult drinkers: results from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Colby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.674607","article-title":"Behavioral economic assessment of alcohol and cigarette demand in smokers with alcohol use disorder","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0855-7","article-title":"A systematic review of the comorbidity between PTSD and alcohol misuse","volume":"49","author":"Debell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.04.012","article-title":"Sexual orientation differences in alcohol use disorder across the adult life course","volume":"59","author":"Fish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53584","DOI":"10.3791\/53584","article-title":"Measuring delay discounting in humans using an adjusting amount task","volume":"107","author":"Frye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14887","article-title":"Change in alcohol demand following a brief intervention predicts change in alcohol use: a latent growth curve analysis","volume":"46","author":"Gex","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108203","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic discrimination and alcohol use disorder severity among United States adults","volume":"216","author":"Glass","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14888","article-title":"Delay discounting and alcohol consumption correlate with dorsal anterior insula activation during choice in nontreatment-seeking heavy drinkers","volume":"46","author":"Halcomb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v40.1.05","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder and antisocial and borderline personality disorders","volume":"40","author":"Helle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol research : current reviews"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.19129","article-title":"Validity of bispectral index monitoring during deep sedation in children with spastic cerebral palsy undergoing injection of botulinum toxin","volume":"72","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s40614-021-00299-7","article-title":"Applying mixed-effects Modeling to Behavioral economic demand: an introduction","volume":"44","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspectives on behavior science"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2019.01.008","article-title":"The effect of economy type on reinforcer value","volume":"162","author":"Kearns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Process"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035973","article-title":"A 5-trial adjusting delay discounting task: accurate discount rates in less than one minute","volume":"22","author":"Koffarnus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000045","article-title":"A modified exponential behavioral economic demand model to better describe consumption data","volume":"23","author":"Koffarnus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.031","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid substance use, anxiety and mood disorders in epidemiological surveys, 1990-2014: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"154","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2020.33.1.54","article-title":"The prognostic value of median nerve thickness in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome using magnetic resonance imaging: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Korean journal of pain"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13004","article-title":"The Behavioral economics and neuroeconomics of alcohol use disorders","volume":"40","author":"MacKillop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.01.002","article-title":"A behavioral economic measure of demand for alcohol predicts brief intervention outcomes","volume":"89","author":"MacKillop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1367-5","article-title":"Latent structure of facets of alcohol reinforcement from a behavioral economic demand curve","volume":"203","author":"Mackillop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2229-0","article-title":"Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis","volume":"216","author":"MacKillop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref40","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Impulsivity: The Behavioral and Neurological Science of Discounting","author":"Madden","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.5.3.256","article-title":"Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug-using control participants: drug and monetary rewards","volume":"5","author":"Madden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181ec173d","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnostic test assessment","volume":"5","author":"Mandrekar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-021-01031-8","article-title":"What are the economic costs to society attributable to alcohol use? A systematic review and modelling study","volume":"39","author":"Manthey","year":"2021","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15190","article-title":"Alcohol cues increase behavioral economic demand and craving for alcohol in nontreatment-seeking and treatment-seeking heavy drinkers","volume":"47","author":"Marsden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15379","article-title":"Concurrent validity of the alcohol purchase task for measuring the reinforcing efficacy of alcohol: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Loredo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref45a","volume-title":"The Effect of Delay and of Intervening Events on Reinforcement Value","author":"Mazur"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/e563232012-001","volume-title":"The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC): An Instrument for Assessing Adverse Consequences of Alcohol Abuse. Project MATCH Monograph Series, Vol. 4.","author":"Miller","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14438","article-title":"Latent profile analysis of heavy episodic drinking in emerging adults: a reinforcer pathology approach","volume":"44","author":"Minhas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.351","article-title":"Using an optimized marijuana purchase task to examine cannabis demand in relation to cannabis misuse in heavy drinking emerging adults","volume":"82","author":"Minhas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s40732-017-0245-0","article-title":"Cross-commodity delay discounting of alcohol and money in alcohol users","volume":"67","author":"Moody","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Rec"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.14.2.219","article-title":"Relative reinforcing efficacy of alcohol among college student drinkers","volume":"14","author":"Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.21209","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic curve: overview and practical use for clinicians","volume":"75","author":"Nahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/107319110100800409","article-title":"The suicidal Behaviors questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples","volume":"8","author":"Osman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108046","article-title":"Acute and extended exposure to episodic future thinking in a treatment seeking addiction sample: a pilot study","volume":"116","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Subst Abus Treat"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000638","article-title":"Delay discounting of money and alcohol in actively using alcoholics, currently abstinent alcoholics, and controls","volume":"154","author":"Petry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231212151","article-title":"Value-based decision-making predicts alcohol use and related problems in young men","volume":"37","author":"Petzold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2021.104339","article-title":"A review of cross-commodity delay discounting research with relevance to addiction","volume":"186","author":"Pritschmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Process"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref56a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000653","article-title":"Associations between alcohol demand, delayed reward discounting, and high-intensity drinking in a diverse emerging adult sample","volume":"31","author":"Savage","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref58","volume-title":"Lifetime Risk of Alcohol-Attributable Death and Disability","author":"Shield","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13112","article-title":"Episodic future thinking: expansion of the temporal window in individuals with alcohol dependence","volume":"40","author":"Snider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3","volume-title":"Measuring Alcohol Consumption: Psychosocial and Biochemical Methods","author":"Sobell","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000020","article-title":"Identification and management of nonsystematic purchase task data: toward best practice","volume":"23","author":"Stein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref62","volume-title":"Overview of Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes in 2021","author":"Stewart","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11272","article-title":"Prediction and analysis of novel key genes ITGAX, LAPTM5, SERPINE1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis","volume":"9","author":"Sui","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref64","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick","edition":"4th"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1037\/h0058700","article-title":"A decision-making theory of visual detection","volume":"61","author":"Tanner","year":"1954","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref65a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000863","article-title":"Valuation of future alcohol in cross-commodity delay discounting is associated with alcohol misuse\/consequences","volume":"37","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000451","article-title":"Episodic future thinking as a brief alcohol intervention for heavy drinking college students: a pilot feasibility study","volume":"30","author":"Voss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2020.33.3.275","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of the C1-C3 dorsal root ganglia and greater occipital nerve for cervicogenic headache","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Korean journal of pain"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000697","article-title":"Adaptation of commodity purchase tasks to identify substitutable substance-free alternative activities for alcohol use","volume":"32","author":"Weinsztok","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026071501270318400_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1&lt;32::aid-cncr2820030106&gt;3.0.co;2-3","article-title":"Index for rating diagnostic tests","volume":"3","author":"Youden","year":"1950","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Alcohol and Alcoholism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article-pdf\/61\/1\/agaf043\/65357319\/agaf043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article-pdf\/61\/1\/agaf043\/65357319\/agaf043.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:27:10Z","timestamp":1784093230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agaf043\/8325283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agaf043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-0414","1464-3502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-0414","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3502","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"article-number":"agaf043"}}