{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:13:00Z","timestamp":1787505180506,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines associations between husbands\u2019 alcohol use and bidirectional intimate partner violence (IPV)\u2014defined as both IPV victimization and perpetration\u2014among married individuals in India. We also assess the impact of a state-level alcohol ban on IPV outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from rounds 4 (2015\u201316) and 5 (2019\u201321) of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) to conduct two analyses. First, multivariable multinomial regression models estimated the association between husbands\u2019 alcohol use\u2014categorized as frequent intoxication, occasional intoxication, alcohol use without intoxication, and no alcohol use (reference)\u2014and IPV experiences (bidirectional, unidirectional [victimization only], or none). Second, a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) model evaluated the impact of Bihar\u2019s 2016 alcohol ban (treatment) compared to Jharkhand (control) on IPV outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among currently married respondents (n\u2009=\u2009121 148), 28.2% reported IPV victimization, including 2.6% reporting bidirectional IPV and 25.6% reporting unidirectional IPV. Compared to those whose husbands did not drink, women whose husbands drank without intoxication (AOR\u2009=\u20091.54), sometimes became intoxicated (AOR\u2009=\u20093.56), or frequently became intoxicated (AOR\u2009=\u200914.12) had significantly higher odds of experiencing bidirectional IPV. Similar but attenuated associations were observed for unidirectional IPV. The DiD analysis showed no significant effect of the alcohol ban on IPV outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Husbands\u2019 alcohol misuse is strongly associated with increased risk of IPV, particularly bidirectional IPV, which is linked to greater injury severity. However, alcohol bans alone may be insufficient to reduce IPV, underscoring need for comprehensive interventions that address both alcohol use and entrenched patriarchal norms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaf045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T07:50:33Z","timestamp":1751701833000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alcohol use, prohibition policies, and bidirectional intimate partner violence in India"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9957-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Wagman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Community Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Room 46-071B, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K S","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcomb Institute at Tulane University , Newcomb Place, Suite 301, New Orleans, LA 70118 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika Hui Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0507 La Jolla, CA 92093 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcomb Institute at Tulane University , Newcomb Place, Suite 301, New Orleans, LA 70118 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcomb Institute at Tulane University , Newcomb Place, Suite 301, New Orleans, LA 70118 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080109340415200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103479","article-title":"Impact of three years of prohibition on extent and pattern of alcohol use in Bihar: observations and insights from the national family health survey","volume":"82","author":"Balhara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J 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