{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T06:01:58Z","timestamp":1771221718218,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["330527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["330527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The direction and temporality of the association between alcohol use and pain remain understudied among non-manual workers. This study investigated bidirectional associations between alcohol consumption and pain among current and retired non-manual workers, with exploratory subgroup analyses by retirement transition status, retirement age, and socioeconomic position (SEP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survey data from Phases 7, 9, and 12 (2002\u201315) of the Whitehall II cohort study were analyzed (n\u2009=\u20095928, baseline mean age 60.7\u00a0years, 71% men). Alcohol consumption was assessed through self-reported intake converted to pure alcohol units. Pain severity was derived from musculoskeletal pain-site number and RAND-36 bodily pain measures, categorized as none, mild, or moderate\/severe. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models without equality constraints estimated within-person associations, with subgroup analyses by retirement transition and SEP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, 23.1% reported above-moderate pain severity and 30.0% exceeded recommended limits (&amp;gt;14\u00a0units\/week). During 14-year follow-up, 47.3% remained retired, 10.1% were employed, and 40.1% transitioned from employment to retirement. Elevated alcohol consumption was associated with increased pain severity among all participants (\u03b2P7\u00a0\u2192\u00a0P9\u2009=\u20090.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02\u20130.12; \u03b2P9\u00a0\u2192\u00a0P12\u2009=\u20090.04, 95% CI: 0.00\u20130.08), with stronger effect among midlife retirees (\u03b2P9\u2192P12 = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04\u20130.25) and low-SEP participants (\u03b2P9\u2192P12 = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04\u20130.51). Pain was associated with alcohol consumption at earlier intervals, but associations attenuated subsequently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated alcohol consumption might be associated with increased pain severity among non-manual workers, particularly midlife retirees and low-SEP individuals. Pain-to-alcohol associations were observed but were inconsistent across intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agag004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:45:31Z","timestamp":1768481131000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bi-directional associations between alcohol consumption and pain among non-manual workers: a random-intercept cross-lagged panel analysis in the British Whitehall II cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3133-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London , 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT ,","place":["United 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