{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:52:16Z","timestamp":1792011136804,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the associations between diet quality and daily alcohol use across 21\u00a0days with inflammation in adults with overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary analysis, from an observational intensive longitudinal study, investigated associations between alcohol use and inflammation. Adults 21\u201344\u00a0years old with a body mass index\u2009\u2265\u200925\u00a0kg\/m2 (n\u2009=\u200991) participated in a 21-day study with daily measures of past-day alcohol use and baseline and follow-up measures of dietary intake (automated self-administered 24-hour recall, ASA-24). Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores assessed diet quality. Follow-up blood draws assessed C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2). Models investigated associations between diet quality (HEI total score or whole grains and saturated fat) and alcohol use [average and variability in drinks per day or drinker type (nondrinker, light, moderate, or heavy drinker)] with inflammation, accounting for percentage body fat, smoking, and sex. Moderation by sex was also tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Average drinks per day and variability in drinks per day were not associated with inflammation. Moderate- and heavy-drinking females had 1.27 and 1.38\u00a0mg\/l higher CRP than light-drinking females, with no differences in males. Heavy-drinking adults had 2.54\u00a0pg\/ml higher TNF-\u03b1 than light drinkers. Sex moderated the association between drinker type and IL-6 (b\u2009=\u20091.26, P\u2009=\u2009.035); however, there were no significant pairwise differences. Drinker type was not associated with IL-1\u03b2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that moderate-to-heavy alcohol use may be detrimentally associated with inflammation regardless of diet quality, suggesting that a high-quality diet may be insufficient to protect against the harmful effects of alcohol use on inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agag015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:32:44Z","timestamp":1774873964000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Moderate-to-heavy habitual alcohol use appears to be detrimentally associated with inflammation even when accounting for diet quality in humans: findings from an observational intensive longitudinal 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