{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:32:04Z","timestamp":1784287924177,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have demonstrated that the endocannabinoid system plays a significant role in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and CB1 receptor antagonists\/inverse agonists show promise as a novel AUD pharmacotherapy. However, these compounds failed in clinical trials due to the severe psychiatric side effects. Non-psychoactive phytocannabinoids may have a better safety profile and could be used as an alternative approach to treat AUD. The aim of this study was to test the potential of three phytocannabinoids in reducing alcohol consumption: CB1 receptor partial agonist cannabinol (CBN), neutral antagonist tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and negative allosteric modulator cannabidiol (CBD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male Wistar rats were subjected to a long-term voluntary alcohol drinking procedure that lasted for several months. Thereafter, rats were given three once daily administrations of CBN, THCV, or CBD. Their side-effect profile was examined by recording changes in water consumption, body weight and locomotor activity. Ultrasonic vocalisations were recorded in alcohol-na\u00efve group-housed rats to monitor if treatment induced discomfort, distress, or other changes in emotional states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data demonstrated that all phytocannabinoids reduced voluntary alcohol consumption; however, the compounds differed in their effectiveness and side-effect profile. Treatment with CBN and THCV reduced alcohol intake and alcohol preference and had a mild sedative effect. CBD had a minor effect on alcohol consumption, did not affect alcohol preference, reduced the locomotor activity and lowered the positive emotional states of rats. None of the compounds caused discomfort or distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that CBN and THCV may have potential in treating AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agag019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:43:27Z","timestamp":1773333807000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of cannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin and cannabidiol on voluntary alcohol consumption"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ieva","family":"Poceviciute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius LT-10257 ,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martynas","family":"Arbaciauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius LT-10257 ,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rokas","family":"Buisas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius LT-10257 ,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldas","family":"Ruksenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius LT-10257,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Vengeliene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Ave. 7, Vilnius LT-10257 ,","place":["Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040911522005800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-020-0016-7","article-title":"\u03949-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV): a commentary on potential therapeutic benefit for the management of obesity and diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Abioye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of cannabis research"},{"key":"2026040911522005800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1159\/000201556","article-title":"The nonpsychotropic cannabinoid cannabidiol modulates and directly activates alpha-1 and alpha-1-Beta glycine receptor function","volume":"83","author":"Ahrens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026040911522005800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.08.005","article-title":"Targeting the endocannabinoid system: future therapeutic strategies","volume":"22","author":"Aizpurua-Olaizola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"2026040911522005800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-02018-7","article-title":"A sleepy cannabis constituent: cannabinol and its active metabolite influence sleep architecture in rats. 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