{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T18:52:48Z","timestamp":1782327168105,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI118898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI118898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21DE034446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21DE034446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI007422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA026256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA026256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tufts Initiative on Substance Use and Addiction"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this study was to determine the effect of administering arachidonic acid (ARA) with or without the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on voluntary ethanol consumption by mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethanol consumption was measured using a continuous access two-bottle choice experiment with water and 15% ethanol (vol\/vol). Ethanol na\u00efve C57BL\/6J mice were orally inoculated with ARA (or acidic PBS as the control), S. cerevisiae, or both each evening for three evenings. Ethanol consumption and preference were measured on the following days. In additional experiments, male and female mice underwent chronic intermittent exposure to ethanol vapor. After a 2-week exposure protocol, these mice were given access to 15% ethanol (vol\/vol) via a two-bottle choice and inoculated nightly with ARA and S. cerevisiae (or acidic PBS and mock as the control).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Administration of ARA initially reduced ethanol preference and consumption by ethanol na\u00efve female mice but the effects waned. In contrast, administration of ARA together with a fungus had a sustained effect that reduced preference and consumption. The effects of ARA and fungi were statistically significantly different from ARA alone on Day 3 of ethanol access. Chronically exposed mice that showed low initial consumption of ethanol in the two-bottle choice maintained low consumption when administered ARA and S. cerevisiae. These findings support the future development of a therapeutic regimen utilizing ARA and yeast, or targeting eicosanoids, that could be developed as a supplement to current approaches to reduce ethanol consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agag046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:42:59Z","timestamp":1780573379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced ethanol consumption by mice treated orally with arachidonic acid alone or in combination with the benign yeast\n                    <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Andrew W","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University , 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University , 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Tonix Pharmaceuticals , Frederick, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Blandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University , 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University , 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University , 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University , 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A","family":"Kumamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University , 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666161202092908","article-title":"Sex differences in alcohol use disorder","volume":"24","author":"Agabio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31496","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of fecal microbiota transplant for alcohol use disorder","volume":"73","author":"Bajaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000149977.95306.3A","article-title":"Increased ethanol drinking after repeated chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal experience in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"28","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcoholism Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301274","article-title":"Role of endocannabinoids in alcohol consumption and intoxication: studies of mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase","volume":"32","author":"Blednov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01619.x","article-title":"Filamentous growth of Candida albicans in response to physical environmental cues and its regulation by the unique CZF1 gene","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14030294","article-title":"A narrative review of current and emerging trends in the treatment of alcohol use disorder","volume":"14","author":"Celik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8836","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.63396","article-title":"Role of prostaglandin E2 in tissue repair and regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19931-2","article-title":"Effect of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors in mice is mediated by the endocannabinoid system","volume":"11","author":"Chevalier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02239","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02239-25","article-title":"Candida albicans colonization modulates murine ethanol consumption and behavioral responses through elevation of serum prostaglandin E2 and impact on the striatal dopamine system","volume":"16","author":"Day","year":"2025","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05589-7","article-title":"Noradrenergic tone mediates marble burying behavior after chronic stress and ethanol","volume":"237","author":"Den Hartog","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12875","article-title":"The efficacy of acamprosate and naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence, Europe versus the rest of the world: a meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Donoghue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2025.2456499","article-title":"Changes in peripheral endocannabinoid levels in substance use disorders: a review of clinical evidence","volume":"51","author":"Elliott","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7308a1","article-title":"Deaths from excessive alcohol use\u2014United States, 2016\u20132021","volume":"73","author":"Esser","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/DNND.S240800","article-title":"Prostaglandins as the agents that modulate the course of brain disorders","volume":"10","author":"Famitafreshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"DNND"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2018.03.005","article-title":"Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: a review","volume":"11","author":"Hanna","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699253","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.699253","article-title":"Dynamic changes of the fungal microbiome in alcohol use disorder","volume":"12","author":"Hartmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.13.25340061","article-title":"Potential therapeutic options for ethanol-producing ethanol-resistant gut microbes associated with liver diseases","author":"Idrissa, Abdoulaye","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.4236\/jbbs.2022.1212037","article-title":"PGE2 as a morphine-seeking behavior modulator in the place preference model","volume":"12","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"JBBS"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.019","article-title":"Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure reduces presynaptic dopamine neurotransmission in the mouse nucleus accumbens","volume":"150","author":"Karkhanis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12900","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3257-07.2007","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 acts on EP1 receptor and amplifies both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor signaling in the striatum","volume":"27","author":"Kitaoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109491","article-title":"Alcohol reinstatement after prolonged abstinence from alcohol drinking by female adolescent rats: roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and the prostaglandin E2 receptor 1","volume":"236","author":"Kline","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12405","article-title":"Associations between relapse and drinking behaviors in patients with alcohol use disorders: a 6-month prospective study","volume":"43","author":"Kurihara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharm Rep"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2022.208939","article-title":"The role of mindfulness, meditation, and peer support in recovery capital among Recovery Dharma members","volume":"145","author":"LaBelle","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Subst Use Addict Treat"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108238","article-title":"Gut microbiota-induced changes in \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate metabolism are linked to altered sociability and depression in alcohol use disorder","volume":"33","author":"Leclercq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01610-5","article-title":"Alterations of kynurenine pathway in alcohol use disorder and abstinence: a link with gut microbiota, peripheral inflammation and psychological symptoms","volume":"11","author":"Leclercq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104808","article-title":"Colonization with the commensal fungus Candida albicans perturbs the gut-brain axis through dysregulation of endocannabinoid signaling","volume":"121","author":"Markey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19761","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"McPheeters","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/113.1.35","article-title":"GENEALOGY OF PRINCIPAL STRAINS OF THE YEAST GENETIC STOCK CENTER","volume":"113","author":"Mortimer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06366-1","article-title":"Endocannabinoid system and its modulation of brain, gut, joint and skin inflammation","volume":"48","author":"Osafo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14456","article-title":"COX-2 inhibition antagonizes intra-accumbens 2-arachidonoylglycerol\u2013mediated reduction in ethanol self-administration in rats","volume":"44","author":"Pavon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcoholism Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01447","article-title":"Alox12\/15 deficiency exacerbates, while lipoxin A4 ameliorates hepatic inflammation in murine alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Queck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12441","article-title":"Treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorders and depression with cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Riper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13444","article-title":"Stress facilitates the development of cognitive dysfunction after chronic ethanol exposure","volume":"41","author":"Rodberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000560","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on alcohol use disorder recovery: a qualitative study","volume":"31","author":"Scarfe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.11.001","article-title":"Roseburia spp. abundance associates with alcohol consumption in humans and its administration ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver in mice","volume":"27","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13395","article-title":"Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of internet-mediated \u2018relapse prevention therapy\u2019 for patients with alcohol use disorder: a pilot study","volume":"41","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2025.2464896","article-title":"Adverse drug event profile of pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder: a retrospective pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis study","volume":"25","author":"Sridharan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2017.11.004","article-title":"Arachidonic acid: physiological roles and potential health benefits\u2014a review","volume":"11","author":"Tallima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2026062414265369100_ref39","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Alcohol and Alcoholism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article-pdf\/61\/4\/agag046\/68607345\/agag046.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article-pdf\/61\/4\/agag046\/68607345\/agag046.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T18:26:58Z","timestamp":1782325618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agag046\/8715716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agag046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-0414","1464-3502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-0414","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3502","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"article-number":"agag046"}}