{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:28:10Z","timestamp":1789439290024,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Carlos III Institute of Health"},{"name":"Networks for Cooperative Research in Health-RETICS","award":["RD12\/0028\/0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0028\/0006"]}]},{"name":"Networks for Cooperative Research in Health-RETICS","award":["RD12\/0028\/0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0028\/0008"]}]},{"name":"Networks for Cooperative Research in Health-RETICS","award":["RD16\/0017\/0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0017\/0003"]}]},{"name":"Networks for Cooperative Research in Health-RETICS","award":["RD16\/0017\/0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0017\/0023"]}]},{"name":"European fund for regional development"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Social Services and Equality","award":["EC11-042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC11-042"]}]},{"name":"Social Services and Equality","award":["PNSD 2014|042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNSD 2014|042"]}]},{"name":"Social Services and Equality","award":["PNSD2015|027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNSD2015|027"]}]},{"name":"Fulbright Scholar Program - Ministry of Education","award":["PRX16\/00147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRX16\/00147"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To characterize a series of contemporary patients with alcohol-related Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) or Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and to update the current prognosis of disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective and prospective study of patients diagnosed with an alcohol-related WE or KS between 2002 and 2011 in a tertiary hospital. Socio-demographic, alcohol use characteristics, signs and symptoms, co-morbidity and blood parameters were obtained at admission. Patients were followed up until 2013 and causes of death were ascertained through the review of charts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty-one patients were included (51 with WE and 10 with KS). Among patients with WE, 78% were men and age at diagnosis was 57 years (interquartile range (IQR): 49\u201366). Twenty-three percent fulfilled the classic WE triad. Regarding Caine's criteria for WE, 70.6% presented with at least two out of four signs or symptoms. Median follow-up of patients with WE syndrome was 5.3 years (IQR: 2.6\u20138.8), the cumulated mortality was 45% and death rate of 7.4 \u00d7 100 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.8\u201310.9). Overall, 50% of patients would be expected to die within 8 years of WE episode and main causes of death included serious bacterial infections (44.5%) and cancer (33.3%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Survival of patients with an alcohol-related Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome is poor; pursuing treatment of alcohol use disorder and early diagnosis of thiamine deficiency is a priority for improving clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agx013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T12:12:30Z","timestamp":1487938350000},"page":"466-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Long-Term Mortality of Patients with an Alcohol-Related Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Arantza","family":"Sanvisens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ctra. Canyet s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Zuluaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ctra. Canyet s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fuster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ctra. Canyet s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Rivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Municipal Centre for Substance Abuse Treatment (Centro Delta), IMSP-Badalona, C\/Termes Romanes 12, 08911 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Tor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ctra. Canyet s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Marcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Internal Medicine, Alcoholism Unit, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 88-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Chamorro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Internal Medicine, Alcoholism Unit, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 88-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Muga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Ctra. Canyet s\/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.4.9763009","article-title":"Usefulness of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of acute Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"171","author":"Antunez","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)90664-9","article-title":"Neuronal loss in functional zones of the cerebellum of chronic alcoholics with and without Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"91","author":"Baker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100048630","article-title":"Pathophysiology of cerebellar dysfunction in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Butterworth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Canadian J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.1.51","article-title":"Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"62","author":"Caine","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.48.2100","article-title":"Wernicke encephalopathy in alcoholics with diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"48","author":"Chamorro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.22546\/19\/337","article-title":"Wernicke-SEMI project: multicenter and retrospective study about Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"73","author":"Chamorro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Galicia Clin"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.02.019","article-title":"Differences between alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients with Wernicke\u00b4s encephalopathy: a multicenter observational study","author":"Chamorro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908173210706","article-title":"Ethanol and the nervous system","volume":"321","author":"Charness","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C8","first-page":"CD004033","article-title":"Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in people who abuse alcohol","volume":"7","author":"Day","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e607","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000607","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and mortality in a cohort of patients with alcohol dependence","volume":"94","author":"Fuster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03153.x","article-title":"EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Galvin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.013","article-title":"Altered oxidative stress\/antioxidant status in blood of alcoholic subjects is associated with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"143","author":"Grasselli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2020051412075752500_agx013C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.3.226","article-title":"Wernicke's encephalopathy: a more common disease than realised. 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