{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:52:20Z","timestamp":1783075940327,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agy067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T11:18:48Z","timestamp":1536232728000},"page":"51-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Naltrexone and 6\u03b2-Naltrexol During Anti-craving Treatment in Alcohol Dependence: Reference Ranges"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sonja","family":"Br\u00fcnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina Kim","family":"Bekier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Hiemke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Korf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Hospital Scivias St. Valentinushaus Bad Soden, Bad Soden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Wiedemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMEOS Klinikum Heiligenhafen, Heiligenhafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01475.x","article-title":"The obsessive compulsive drinking scale: a selfrated instrument for the quantification of thoughts about alcohol and drinking behavior","volume":"19","author":"Anton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.2.135","article-title":"An evaluation of muopioid receptor (OPRM1) as apredictor of naltrexone response in the treatment of alcohol: results from the combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence (COMBINE) study","volume":"65","author":"Anton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7104.358","article-title":"ABC of mental health: addiction and dependence-II","volume":"315","author":"Ashworth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C4","first-page":"469","article-title":"Comparison of naltrexone and 6\u03b2-naltrexol for narcotic antagonist action in rats and mice","volume":"35","author":"Blumberg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357045020","article-title":"Carbonyl reduction of naltrexone and dolasetron by oxidoreductases isolated from human liver cytosol","volume":"56","author":"Breyer-Pfaff","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3301-z","article-title":"Determination of naltrexone and 6beta-naltrexol in human blood: comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and tandem-mass-spectrometric detection","volume":"396","author":"Br\u00fcnen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31822fbf7c","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring for drugs used in the treatment of substance-related disorders: literature review using a therapeutic drug monitoring appropriateness rating scale","volume":"33","author":"Br\u00fcnen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00442.x","article-title":"Assosiation of \u03bc-opioid receptor (OPMR1) gene polymorphism with response to naltrexone in alcohol dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Chamorro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.6.587","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol and dependence or abuse","volume":"35","author":"Chick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)05648-X","article-title":"The urinary excretion profile of naltrexone and metabolites in man","volume":"2","author":"Cone","year":"1974","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830190102","article-title":"The Hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory","volume":"19","author":"Derogatis","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.01.004","article-title":"Comparison of the opioid receptor antagonist properties of naltrexone and 6 beta-naltrexol in morphine-na\u00efve and morphine-dependent mice","volume":"583","author":"Divin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00052.x","article-title":"Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable naltrexone","volume":"30","author":"Dunbar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl007","article-title":"Combined acamprosate and naltrexone, with cognitive behavioural therapy is superior to either medication alone for alcohol abstinence: a single centres\u2019 experience with pharmacotherapy","volume":"41","author":"Feeney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.13.1617","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of long-acting injectable naltrexone for alcohol dependence","volume":"293","author":"Garbutt","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-116492","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in neuropsychopharmacology","volume":"51","author":"Hiemke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000083037","article-title":"Pharmacological relapse prevention of alcoholism: clinical predictors of outcome","volume":"11","author":"Kiefer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.11.023","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity: a target of pharmacological treatment?","volume":"60","author":"Kiefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.1.92","article-title":"Comparing and combining naltrexone and acamprosate in relapse prevention of alcoholism","volume":"60","author":"Kiefer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2007.00073.x","article-title":"Cloninger's typology and treatment outcome in alcohol-dependent subjects during pharmacotherapy with naltrexone","volume":"13","author":"Kiefer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C21","first-page":"906","article-title":"Naltrexone biotransformation and incidence of subjective side effects: a preliminary study","volume":"21","author":"King","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00471.x","article-title":"Variation in OPMR1 moderates the effect of desire to drink on subsequent drinking and its attenuation by naltrexone treatment","volume":"18","author":"Kranzler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.03.005","article-title":"Extended-release naltrexone for treatment of alcohol dependence in primary care","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0914-9","article-title":"Comparison of naltrexone, 6alpha-naltrexol, and 6beta-naltrexol in morphine-dependent and in nondependent rhesus monkeys","volume":"195","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1024\/suc.2000.46.2.90","article-title":"Die OCDS-G: Psychometrische Kennwerte der deutschen Version der Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale","volume":"2","author":"Mann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sucht"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00884.x","article-title":"Searching for responders to acamprosate and naltrexone in alcoholism treatment: rationale and design of the predict study","volume":"33","author":"Mann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00368-8","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interaction study of acamprosate and natltrexone","volume":"27","author":"Mason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C28","first-page":"15","article-title":"Bioequivalernce, dose-proportionality and pharmacokinetics of naltrexone after oral administration","volume":"45","author":"Meyer","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(95)00124-I","article-title":"Reduction of drug ketones by dihydrodiol dehydrogenases, carbonyl reductase and aldehyde reductase of human liver","volume":"50","author":"Ohara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02122.x","article-title":"Plasma concentrations during naltrexone implant treatment of opiate-dependent patients","volume":"58","author":"Olsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820110045007","article-title":"Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence","volume":"49","author":"O\u00b4Malley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00843.x","article-title":"Effect of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) on quality of life in alcohol dependent patients","volume":"33","author":"Pettinati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C34"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C33","first-page":"CD001867","article-title":"Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence","volume":"8","author":"R\u00f6sner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899009147920","article-title":"Drugs to decrease alcohol drinking","volume":"22","author":"Sinclair","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905133401907","article-title":"Drug therapy for alcohol dependence","volume":"340","author":"Swift","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1976203315","article-title":"Naltrexone: disposition, metabolism, and effects after acute and chronic dosing","volume":"20","author":"Verebey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C38","first-page":"4","article-title":"Alcohol abuse and alcoholism: an overview","volume":"62","author":"Volpicelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820110040006","article-title":"Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"49","author":"Volpicelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019010811181094800_agy067C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830200071010","article-title":"Naltrexone and alcohol dependence","volume":"54","author":"Volpicelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Alcohol and Alcoholism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article-pdf\/54\/1\/51\/27440291\/agy067.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T22:48:12Z","timestamp":1751842092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article\/54\/1\/51\/5107633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agy067","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-0414","1464-3502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-0414","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3502","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]}}}