{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:17:58Z","timestamp":1789561078268,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An updated Cochrane systematic review assessed effectiveness of screening and brief intervention to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in general practice or emergency care settings. This paper summarises the implications of the review for clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cochrane methods were followed. Reporting accords with PRISMA guidance. We searched multiple resources to September 2017, seeking randomised controlled trials of brief interventions to reduce hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption in people attending general practice, emergency care or other primary care settings for reasons other than alcohol treatment. Brief intervention was defined as a conversation comprising five or fewer sessions of brief advice or brief lifestyle counselling and a total duration of less than 60 min. Our primary outcome was alcohol consumption, measured as or convertible to grams per week. We conducted meta-analyses to assess change in consumption, and subgroup analyses to explore the impact of participant and intervention characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 69 studies, of which 42 were added for this update. Most studies (88%) compared brief intervention to control. The primary meta-analysis included 34 studies and provided moderate-quality evidence that brief intervention reduced consumption compared to control after one year (mean difference \u221220 g\/wk, 95% confidence interval \u221228 to \u221212). Subgroup analysis showed a similar effect for men and women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brief interventions can reduce harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption in men and women. Short, advice-based interventions may be as effective as extended, counselling-based interventions for patients with harmful levels of alcohol use who are presenting for the first time in a primary care setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T15:11:18Z","timestamp":1556032278000},"page":"417-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["The Cochrane 2018 Review on Brief Interventions in Primary Care for Hazardous and Harmful Alcohol Consumption: A Distillation for Clinicians and Policy Makers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"F R","family":"Beyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Bertholet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Treatment Center, Department of Community Medicine and Health, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"Daeppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Treatment Center, Department of Community Medicine and Health, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, University of Queensland\/Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E D","family":"Pienaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C R","family":"Muirhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E F S","family":"Kaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.6.1127","article-title":"Avoiding the horrid and beastly sin of drunkenness: does dissuasion make a difference?","volume":"62","author":"Babor","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl078","article-title":"Brief interventions for at-risk drinking: patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness in managed care organizations","volume":"41","author":"Babor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.9.986","article-title":"Reduction of alcohol consumption by brief alcohol intervention in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"Bertholet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu016","article-title":"How accurate are blood (or breath) tests for identifying self-reported heavy drinking among people with alcohol dependence?","volume":"49","author":"Bertholet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X683149","article-title":"Comparison of brief interventions in primary care on smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: a population survey in England","volume":"66","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01869.x","article-title":"Brief alcohol intervention and alcohol assessment do not influence alcohol use in injured patients treated in the emergency department: a randomized controlled clinical trial.[Erratum appears in Addiction. 2007 Dec;102(12):1995]","volume":"102","author":"Daeppen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470693926.ch15","article-title":"Statistical methods for examining heterogeneity and combining results from several studies in meta\u2010analysis","author":"Deeks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta\u2010analysis in Context. Wiley"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99463","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099463","article-title":"The effectiveness of alcohol screening and brief intervention in emergency departments: a multicentre pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Drummond","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2012.00475.x","article-title":"Lack of international consensus in low-risk drinking guidelines","volume":"32","author":"Furtw\u00e6ngler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32366-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Gakidou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C11","volume-title":"The Handbook of Health Behavior Change","author":"Geijer-Simpson","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C12","volume-title":"GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool","author":"GRADEpro","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.2.153","article-title":"Does the concept of a standard drink apply to viticultural societies?","volume":"34","author":"Gual","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction\u2014GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C16","volume-title":"The Government\u2019s Alcohol Strategy","author":"H. M. Government","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C17","first-page":"287","article-title":"Interpreting the evidence on brief interventions for excessive drinkers: the need for caution","volume":"30","author":"Heather","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C18","volume-title":"WHO Collaborative Project On Identification And Management Of Alcohol-related Problems In Primary Health Care: Report On Phase IV: Development of Country-wide Strategies for Implementing Early Identification and Brief Intervention in Primary Health Care","author":"Heather","year":"2006"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C19","first-page":"358","article-title":"Evaluation of a controlled drinking minimal intervention for problem drinkers in general practice (the DRAMS scheme)","volume":"37","author":"Heather","year":"1987","journal-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C20","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 510 (updated March 2011)","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C21","author":"Higgins JPT GSe","year":"2011"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C24","volume-title":"A Minimum Unit Price for Alcohol Impact Assessment","author":"Home Office","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C25","first-page":"1343","article-title":"Efficacite a un an d\u2019une intervention breve aupres des consommateurs d\u2019alcool a problemes","volume":"16","author":"Huas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Pract Med Gen"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00544","article-title":"Behavioral counseling after screening for alcohol misuse in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the u.s. preventive services task force","volume":"157","author":"Jonas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C27","first-page":"CD004148","article-title":"Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations","volume":"2","author":"Kaner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C28","author":"Kaner"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C29","first-page":"CD004148","article-title":"Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations","volume":"2","author":"Kaner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8501","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e8501","article-title":"Effectiveness of screening and brief alcohol intervention in primary care (SIPS trial): pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"346","author":"Kaner","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2016.77.526","article-title":"Social desirability bias in the reporting of alcohol consumption: a randomized trial","volume":"77","author":"Kypri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12654","article-title":"Novel serum biomarkers for detection of excessive alcohol use","volume":"39","author":"Liangpunsakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03836.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of nurse-led brief alcohol intervention: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Lock","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000335","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention to reduce alcohol use among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya","volume":"67","author":"L\u2019Engle","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.605","article-title":"Effects of two types of brief intervention and readiness to change on alcohol use in hazadous drinkers","volume":"62","author":"Maisto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C36","first-page":"1959","article-title":"Reducing alcohol consumption. Comparing three brief methods in family practice","volume":"43","author":"McIntosh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb02627.x","article-title":"Calculating standard drink units: international comparisons","volume":"86","author":"Miller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C38","volume-title":"Issues in Alcohol Use and Misuse by Young Adults","author":"Miller","year":"1994"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt170","article-title":"The impact of brief alcohol interventions in primary healthcare: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"49","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60746-7","article-title":"Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders","volume":"373","author":"Rehm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C41","volume-title":"Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]","author":"Review Manager","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1995.tb01016.x","article-title":"Controlled evaluation of a general practice-based brief intervention for excessive drinking","volume":"90","author":"Richmond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.530","article-title":"Single-session alcohol interventions for heavy drinking college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Samson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption -II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13263","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the effectiveness of alcohol screening with brief interventions for patients in emergency care settings","volume":"111","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000221756.67126.91","article-title":"Effectiveness of brief interventions after alcohol-related vehicular injury: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Sommers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x","article-title":"Contribution of primary care to health systems and health","volume":"83","author":"Starfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C48","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software","author":"StataCorp","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30134-X","article-title":"Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies","volume":"391","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C50","author":"World Bank","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C51","volume-title":"Public Health Problems Caused by Harmful Use of Alcohol","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C52","volume-title":"Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C53","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019080108503447800_agz035C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.12.010","article-title":"Effectiveness of brief interventions in primary health care settings to decrease alcohol consumption by adult non-dependent drinkers: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"76","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Bueno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Alcohol and Alcoholism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agz035\/28564817\/agz035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article-pdf\/54\/4\/417\/29027659\/agz035.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T08:50:57Z","timestamp":1564649457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/alcalc\/article\/54\/4\/417\/5486343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agz035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-0414","1464-3502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-0414","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-3502","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]}}}