{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T01:23:27Z","timestamp":1781227407509,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003173","name":"Crafoord Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016-1065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-1065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003173","name":"Crafoord Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018-0563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-0563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swedish Heart Lung Foundation","award":["2014-0572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-0572"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Heart Lung Foundation","award":["2016-0414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-0414"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dnr 2019\u201302081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr 2019\u201302081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Society for Medical Research, Swedish Society of Medicine","award":["SLS-589671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLS-589671"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Society for Medical Research, Swedish Society of Medicine","award":["SLS-693941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLS-693941"]}]},{"name":"\u00d6rebro Research Committee","award":["OLL-715231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OLL-715231"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) given for at least 15\u2009hours\/day improves survival in patients with severe chronic hypoxemia. However, the recent REDOX trial showed that LTOT prescribed for 24\u2009hours\/day was not superior to 15\u2009hours\/day in terms of death, hospitalizations, or self-reported outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to examine the cost effectiveness of prescribing LTOT for 24 versus 15\u2009hours\/day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cost minimization analysis of the REDOX trial data on 241 patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure randomized 1:1 to either LTOT 24\u2009hours\/day (n\u2009=\u2009117) or 15\u2009hours\/day (n\u2009=\u2009124) and followed up to 12\u2009months. Data on medical care consumption including prescribed medication costs, specialized outpatient care, and inpatient care were retrieved from national registries. Mean differences in healthcare consumption costs (United States dollars [$], 2024 prices) between groups were analyzed using generalized linear models. The cost analysis took a healthcare payer perspective and oxygen therapy costs are presented separately as out-of-pocket payments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 12\u2009months of follow-up, patients prescribed LTOT for 24\u2009hours\/day had significantly lower mean costs for respiratory-specific medications (-$175 [95% CI, -$329 to -$29]) but higher oxygen therapy costs ($173 [95% CI, $80 to $268]), compared to patients prescribed LTOT 15\u2009hours\/day. There were no significant differences between the groups in mean specialized outpatient and inpatient care costs, total medication costs, or in overall total costs (-$4951 [95% CI, -$10\u2009667 to $443]) but numerically favoring usage of LTOT 24 hours\/day. A population-level projection shows substantial potential cumulative cost savings of $7.64 million if LTOT 24\u2009hours\/day is adopted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to previously shown similar treatment efficacy, overall healthcare costs did not significantly differ between LTOT prescribed 15\u2009hours\/day and LTOT 24\u2009hours\/day. However, there is an observable numerical difference in favor of usage of LTOT 24\u2009hours\/day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/annalsats\/aaoaf038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:02:53Z","timestamp":1769158973000},"page":"711-719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Economic evaluation of long-term oxygen therapy: 24 hours versus 15 hours per day in severe hypoxemia\u2014the REDOX trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Ssegonja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy, and Sleep Research, Uppsala University , , Uppsala","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Uppsala Health Economics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefin","family":"Sundh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , \u00d6rebro,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"COPD Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Currow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Ageing Alliance, Flinders University , Bedford Park, South Australia,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy, and Sleep Research, Uppsala University , , Uppsala","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy, and Sleep Research, Uppsala University , , Uppsala","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy, and Sleep Research, Uppsala University , , Uppsala","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Blekinge Hospital , Karlskrona,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050720450046500_aaoaf038-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202009-3608ST","article-title":"Home oxygen therapy for adults with chronic lung disease. 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