{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:43:47Z","timestamp":1775018627694,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dual GLP-1\/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) agonists (tirzepatide) reduced severity of sleep apnea. However, whether these medications impact incidence of new cases of physician-reported sleep apnea (PRSA) is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the potential impact of GLP-1 and dual agonists on the incidence of sleep apnea reports and to explore potential treatment consequences for this sleep-disordered breathing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Health Research Network through anonymized electronic medical records. We identified adult patients with obesity and\/or type 2 diabetes mellitus never prescribed GLP-1 or dual agonist therapy (reference arm) and those new initiators of these medications. The index event (June 2022) was chosen to coincide with the launching of tirzepatide in the market. We excluded patients with type 1 diabetes; previous diagnosis of PRSA; previous use of GLP-1\/dual agonists, orlistat, phentermine\/topiramate, or bupropion\/naltrexone; or previous bariatric surgery. Initiators were matched to the reference cohort using propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, and menopause. We used a validated algorithm to identify PRSA using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The follow-up time was 1044\u2009days. After propensity score matching, a total of 1\u2009253\u2009188 patients were included in the reference arm and GLP-1\/dual agonist comparison. Overall, GLP-1\/dual agonists were associated with a 54% lower incidence of PRSA (HR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.45-0.49]). Individually, all drugs were able to reach this outcome as compared to the reference arm: liraglutide (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.51-0.80]), dulaglutide (HR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.28-0.36]), semaglutide (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.54-0.61]), and tirzepatide (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.67-0.92]). Exploratory analysis revealed a 79% lower incidence of positive airway pressure reports in the GLP-1\/dual agonist group as compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1\/dual agonists reduced the incidence of new cases of PRSA in patients with obesity and\/or type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/annalsats\/aaoaf071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:19:18Z","timestamp":1770718758000},"page":"607-613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of GLP-1 and dual agonists on the incidence of\u00a0new cases of physician-reported sleep apnea: a real-world study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Beatriz S","family":"Prado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas, Sao Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3924-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego R","family":"Mazzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Informatics, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, MO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Franci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas, Sao Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano M","family":"Baracioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas, Sao Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karoline Razimavicius","family":"Barbado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas, Sao Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Saretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas, Sao Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Kalil-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas, Sao Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2081-6846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano F","family":"Drager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas, Sao Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Instituto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026033111265974900_aaoaf071-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3514","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea: a 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