{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T05:29:03Z","timestamp":1786426143251,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate if early therapeutic initiation may begin ameliorating olfactory dysfunction in addition to chronic rhinosinusitis in young children with cystic fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants \u2264 10 years were enrolled across six U.S. cystic fibrosis centers (May 2023\u2013December 2024). Data were collected at baseline and one year following therapeutic initiation. Mixed-effects models were adjusted for age, sex, and nasal steroid use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sinus magnetic resonance imaging analysis included sinus volume, sinus opacification, olfactory bulb volume, olfactory cleft opacification, Lund-Mackay, and CRS-MRI scores. Psychophysical olfactory testing and quality of life assessments included the Pediatric Smell Wheel, Brief Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders, EuroQol-5-Dimensions-Youth, and Sinonasal-5.Main Results: 31 participants (mean age 4.8 years) enrolled, 27 initiated treatment, and 26 completed follow-up (mean treatment duration 1.0 years). Following therapy, three olfactory measures improved: odor identification scores increased by 1.3 points (p\u2009=\u20090.03), olfactory bulb volume increased by 7.4mm3 (p\u2009=\u20090.02), and olfactory cleft opacification decreased by 14.4% (p\u2009=\u20090.004). Sinus opacification, Lund-Mackay, and CRS-MRI scores improved by 25.5% (p\u2009=\u20090.001), 5.0 points (p\u2009=\u20090.002) and 7.0 points (p\u2009=\u20090.005), respectively. Quality of life scores remained at near-normal levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children receiving therapy demonstrated improvements in olfactory function, olfactory structure, and sinonasal opacification. Predominantly stable, near-normal quality of life metrics preliminarily suggest symptom-based instruments alone may be insufficient to identify sinonasal disease and treatment response at this age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/annalsats\/aaoag235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T04:53:25Z","timestamp":1786424005000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sinusitis and Olfaction Improve in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis Treated with ETI"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Janice J","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle J","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob L","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Department of Pediatrics, , Cincinnati, OH,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith T","family":"Zemanick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado , , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Breathing Institute , , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea","family":"Churi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Buckingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute CF Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean B","family":"Fain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Department of Radiology, , Iowa City, IA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Froh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia Department of Pediatrics, , Charlottesville, VA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonya L","family":"Heltshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute CF Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Washington and Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute Department of Pediatrics, , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas R","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"National Jewish Health Department of Radiology, , Denver, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M","family":"Humphries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Neuroradiology, , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine J","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, , Cincinnati, OH,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado , , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Breathing Institute , , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Kansas Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, , Charlottesville, VA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado Department of Radiology, , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah S","family":"Milla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine Department of Radiology, , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Kansas Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Niedbalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Department of Pediatrics, , Iowa City, IA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie L","family":"Ode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont Department of Radiology, , Colchester, VT,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute CF Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, , Seattle, WA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniella K","family":"Safatian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, , Charlottesville, VA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D","family":"Sawatzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont Department of Pediatrics, , Colchester, VT,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian S","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center and , Cincinnati, OH,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Trout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado , , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Breathing Institute , , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of California Department of Medicine Statistics Core, , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Shin","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Jewish Health Department of Medicine, , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher H","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Jewish Health Department of Radiology, , Denver, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Taylor-Cousar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Jewish Health Department of Medicine, , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"National Jewish Health Department of Pediatrics, , Aurora, CO,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M","family":"Beswick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"container-title":["Annals of the American Thoracic 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