{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:22:12Z","timestamp":1778602932151,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2576,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["(CA-75362)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(CA-75362)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]],"date-time":"2012-07-10T14:19:41Z","timestamp":1341929981000},"page":"2852-2858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Patterns and risk factors for locoregional failures after mastectomy for breast cancer: an International Breast Cancer Study Group report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.F.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.H.","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.N.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lindtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.P.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Th\u00fcrlimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Crivellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Castiglione-Gertsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.F.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.D.","family":"Gelber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Goldhirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67887-7","article-title":"Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Clarke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.01.042","volume":"22","author":"Taghian","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.5565","article-title":"Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2, and response to postmastectomy radiotherapy in high-risk breast cancer: the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group","volume":"26","author":"Kyndi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.04.014","article-title":"High local recurrence risk is not associated with large survival reduction after postmastectomy radiotherapy in high-risk breast cancer: a subgroup analysis of DBCG 82 b&c","volume":"90","author":"Kyndi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.05.069","article-title":"Radiotherapy for invasive breast cancer in North America and Europe: results of a survey","volume":"61","author":"Ceilley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.03.130","article-title":"Risk factors for locoregional recurrence among breast cancer patients: results from International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials I through VII","volume":"21","author":"Wallgren","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.8152","article-title":"The role of the number of uninvolved lymph nodes in predicting locoregional recurrence in breast cancer","volume":"25","author":"Karlsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058976","article-title":"The International (Ludwig) Breast Cancer Study Group Trials I-IV: 15 years follow-up","volume":"5","author":"Castiglione-Gertsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198809153191104","article-title":"Combination adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer. Inadequacy of a single perioperative cycle","volume":"319","author":"Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902233200804","article-title":"Prolonged disease-free survival after one course of perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy for node-negative breast cancer","volume":"320","author":"Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.6.1885","article-title":"Duration and reintroduction of adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive premenopausal breast cancer patients","volume":"14","author":"International Breast Cancer Study Group","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.4.1385","article-title":"Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with tamoxifen for node-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients","volume":"15","author":"International Breast Cancer Study Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.14.1054","article-title":"Endocrine responsiveness and tailoring adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal lymph node-negative breast cancer: a randomized trial","volume":"94","author":"International Breast Cancer Study Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg119","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by goserelin versus either modality alone for premenopausal lymph node-negative breast cancer: a randomized trial","volume":"95","author":"International Breast Cancer Study Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-008-9912-9","article-title":"Is chemotherapy necessary for premenopausal women with lower-risk node-positive, endocrine responsive breast cancer? 10-year update of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 11-93","volume":"113","author":"Thurlimann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh463","article-title":"Toremifene and tamoxifen are equally effective for early-stage breast cancer: first results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials 12-93 and 14-93","volume":"15","author":"International Breast Cancer Study Group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm091","article-title":"Effects of a treatment gap during adjuvant chemotherapy in node-positive breast cancer: results of International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trials 13-93 and 14-93","volume":"18","author":"International Breast Cancer Study Group","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(85)80033-2","article-title":"Prognostic significance of peritumoral vessel invasion in clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis","volume":"16","author":"Davis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0100","series-title":"The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data","author":"Kalbfleish","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176350951","article-title":"A class of K-sample tests for comparing the cumulative incidence of a competing risk","volume":"16","author":"Gray","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0115","series-title":"Counting Processes and Survival Analysis","author":"Fleming","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4539","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.9182","article-title":"Evaluation of treatment-effect heterogeneity using biomarkers measured on a continuous scale: Subpopulation Treatment Effect Pattern Plot","volume":"28","author":"Lazar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371401","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b Trial","volume":"337","author":"Overgaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09201-0","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk postmenopausal breast-cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82c randomised trial","volume":"353","author":"Overgaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371402","article-title":"Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in node-positive premenopausal women with breast cancer","volume":"337","author":"Ragaz","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90895-O","article-title":"Long-term radiation complications following conservative surgery (CS) and radiation therapy (RT) in patients with early stage breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Pierce","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(91)90782-Y","article-title":"Radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy","volume":"21","author":"Lingos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp322","article-title":"Thresholds for therapies: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2009","volume":"20","author":"Goldhirsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v9","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq159","article-title":"Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Recommendations for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Aebi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.05.044","article-title":"Clinical investigation: regional nodal failure patterns in breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy without radiotherapy","volume":"63","author":"Strom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn123","article-title":"Extracapsular tumor spread and the risk of local, axillary and supraclavicular recurrence in node-positive, premenopausal patients with breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Gruber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 24","key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0170","article-title":"Overview of randomised trials of radiotherapy in early breast cancer","volume":"69","author":"Darby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.01.007","article-title":"Chest wall radiotherapy: middle ground for treatment of patients with one to three positive lymph nodes after mastectomy","volume":"75","author":"Macdonald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00555-5","article-title":"The role of regional nodal irradiation in the management of patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy","volume":"39","author":"Vicini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1991.9.6.988","article-title":"Regional nodal failure after conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early-stage breast carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Recht","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.6.1689","article-title":"Locoregional failure 10 years after mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without tamoxifen without irradiation: Experience of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group","volume":"17","author":"Recht","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.03.001","article-title":"Outcome after conservative surgery and breast irradiation in 5,717 patients with breast cancer: implications for supraclavicular nodal irradiation","volume":"76","author":"Livi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.04.034","article-title":"Patients with T1 to T2 breast cancer with one to three positive nodes have higher local and regional recurrence risks compared with node-negative patients after breast-conserving surgery and whole-breast radiotherapy","volume":"73","author":"Truong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.09.037","article-title":"Determining which patients require irradiation of the supraclavicular nodal area after surgery for N1 breast cancer","volume":"78","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"18 suppl","key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0210","first-page":"LBA1003","article-title":"NCIC-CTG MA.20: an intergroup trial of regional nodal irradiation in early breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Whelan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0215","first-page":"363","article-title":"Effect of the number of uninvolved nodes on survival in early breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Vinh-Hung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20830","article-title":"Does the number of lymph nodes examined in patients with lymph node-negative breast carcinoma have prognostic significance?","volume":"103","author":"Salama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds118_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.12.017","volume":"68","author":"Truong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"}],"container-title":["Annals of Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923753419375143?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923753419375143?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annonc\/article-pdf\/23\/11\/2852\/13786324\/mds118.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T05:46:19Z","timestamp":1637214379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0923753419375143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0923753419375143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mds118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-7534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0923-7534","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}