{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:01Z","timestamp":1792790341300,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Labour\u2019s Research Opportunity Program","award":["15-R-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-R-023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The nail salon industry has seen significant growth in recent years. Nail technicians provide manicures, pedicures and apply artificial nails; tasks that expose them to chemicals, including acrylates that are known skin and respiratory sensitizers. This paper reports on potential skin exposure to acrylates among nail technicians in Toronto, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hand skin wipes were collected after (i) the application of artificial nails, (ii) the application of ultraviolet cured gel nail polish, and (iii) deliberate contact with nail polish. Surface wipes were collected from work areas and surfaces contaminated with known products. Wipe samples were analysed for eight acrylates: methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-five wipe samples were collected. No acrylates were detected in skin samples (n = 8) or work surfaces (n = 6). However, MMA, EMA, EA, HEMA, and HPMA were detected in the samples of surfaces contaminated with known products. MMA was detected in 28% of products tested. HEMA and HPMA were detected where deliberate contact with nail polish occurred.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These results confirm that acrylates are present in nail products. However, no acrylates were detected in skin wipes. MMA, a chemical prohibited for use in cosmetics in Canada, was detected in nail polishes. Nail technicians should continue to employ safe work practices that reduce the probability of skin contact with acrylates and other chemicals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T19:06:50Z","timestamp":1591556810000},"page":"162-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Skin Exposure to Acrylates in Nail Salons"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Sheila","family":"Kalenge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L","family":"Kirkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linh V","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1065 Military Trail Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Linn","family":"Holness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"St Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria H","family":"Arrandale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122015113919800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-8836.2003.00070.x","article-title":"On permeability of methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate through protective gloves in dentistry","volume":"111","author":"Andreasson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"2021122015113919800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13222","article-title":"Short exposures and glove protection against (meth)acrylates in nail beauticians\u2014thoughts on a rising concern","volume":"81","author":"Batista","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"2021122015113919800_CIT0003","first-page":"539","article-title":"Biological and environmental exposure monitoring of volatile organic compounds among nail technicians in the Greater Boston area","volume":"29","author":"Ceballos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"2021122015113919800_CIT0004","author":"City of Toronto","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021122015113919800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475417701420","article-title":"(Meth)Acrylate occupational contact dermatitis in nail salon workers: a case series","volume":"21","author":"DeKoven","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"2021122015113919800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13216","article-title":"Dermatitis and occupational (meth)acrylate contact allergy in nail technicians\u2014a 10-year study","volume":"81","author":"Fisch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact 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