{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:49:36Z","timestamp":1791535776926,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012943","name":"Institut national de la recherche scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012943","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electroplating processes are widely used in metal industries to improve the resistance properties of manufactured metal parts. Workers in this industry are potentially exposed both to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and to other chromium compounds [mostly trivalent chromium (Cr(III))], due to the use of chromic acid baths. The goal of this study was to validate urinary chromium as a Cr(VI) exposure biomarker in the presence of exposure to other chromium compounds.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A biomonitoring study consisted in monitoring airborne chromium exposure and urinary chromium for one working week in 93 workers from nine electroplating companies. Chromium concentrations were measured in all urinations of each volunteer for the working week. Individual airborne soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) as well as Cr(III) concentrations were measured for all of the shifts of the week. The main statistical analysis consisted in modelling, in a Bayesian framework, the pre- and post-shift urinary chromium as a function of airborne Cr(III) and airborne Cr(VI), taking into account the day of the week and the time of collection of the urines (pre- or post-shift).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preliminary descriptions showed an increase in pre-shift urinary chromium during the working week. The model showed an increase in urinary chromium over the shift related to the shift-specific airborne Cr(VI) concentration as well as an increasing trend over the week and a relationship with the mean weekly Cr(VI) thought to reflect chronic exposure. Taking into account the Cr(VI) exposure, there was no evidence of an effect of Cr(III) exposure on urinary chromium. A biological limit value (BLV) was derived from the French occupational exposure limit for Cr(VI) of 1 \u00b5g m\u22123 and was estimated at between 1.9 and 2.6 \u00b5g g\u22121 creatinine for a urinary sample collected at the end of the shift on the last working day of the week.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the present context of mixed exposure to Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in electroplating, this study showed that urinary chromium depended only on airborne Cr(VI) concentrations, which justifies using a BLV for assessing workers\u2019 exposure. The estimated BLV was close to the recommended French BLV, which is 1.8 \u00b5g g\u22121 creatinine, in the electroplating industry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T20:12:56Z","timestamp":1604693576000},"page":"332-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Is Urinary Chromium Specific to Hexavalent Chromium Exposure in the Presence of Co-exposure to Other Chromium Compounds? A Biomonitoring Study in the Electroplating Industry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Martin Remy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Biomonitoring, Institut National de Recherche et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9, Rue du Morvan, CS, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Biomonitoring, Institut National de Recherche et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9, Rue du Morvan, CS, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nad\u00e8ge","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Biomonitoring, Institut National de Recherche et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9, Rue du Morvan, CS, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3165-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Scientific Management, Institut National de Recherche et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9, Rue du Morvan, CS, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122015114675700_CIT0001","volume-title":"TLV\u2019s and BEI\u2019s based on the documentation of the threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices","author":"ACGIH","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021122015114675700_CIT0002","volume-title":"Evaluation des effets sur la sant\u00e9 et des m\u00e9thodes de mesure des niveaux d\u2019exposition sur le lieu de travail pour les compos\u00e9s du chrome 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