{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:07:14Z","timestamp":1785409634677,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,26]],"date-time":"2020-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Agricultural workers often produce considerable excess heat due to the physically demanding nature of their activities, increasing their risk of thermal stress in even moderately warm conditions. Few studies have examined the physiological responses to heat load in agriculture. We aimed to assess the heat strain experienced by vineyard workers during canopy management in dry field conditions, and to disentangle the effects of the heat produced by the body and the thermal environment. Thirty workers from five Bordeaux vineyards of southern France were monitored during vine-lifting and trellising (June 2012). The mean heart rate, net cardiac cost, relative cardiac cost, and cardiac workload score were assessed during field activity. As the workers were nested within vineyards, multilevel linear regression models were used for correct inference. Skin temperature increased by an average of 1.0\u00b0C. Cardiac indices showed marked differences between individuals. The workload was evaluated as \u2018heavy\u2019 or \u2018very heavy\u2019 for more than one-third of the workers, of whom one experienced heat exhaustion. Above some individual characteristics, we highlighted a contextual effect (air temperature) for the mean heart rate (P = 0.03), the relative cardiac cost (P = 0.01) and, to a lesser extent, a cardiac workload score (P = 0.07). Canopy management by hand in vineyards causes considerable cardiac and thermoregulatory strain. Appropriate instruments should be developed to simultaneously evaluate work intensity, work quality, and productivity at the vineyard level to raise the awareness of both managers and employees about taking preventive measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T20:13:38Z","timestamp":1604348018000},"page":"390-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Heat Stress and Cardiac Strain in French Vineyard Workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Grimbuhler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ITAP, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Viel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail) \u2013 UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122015224853700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(89)90191-9","article-title":"Physiological cost of apple-farming activities","volume":"20","author":"Costa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"2021122015224853700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02119.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular function in the heat-stressed human","volume":"199","author":"Crandall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2021122015224853700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3874","article-title":"Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and 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