{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:53:34Z","timestamp":1790085214007,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZO1 ES 102945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZO1 ES 102945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the GuLF Study, a study investigating possible adverse health effects associated with work on the oil spill response and clean-up (OSRC) following the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, we used a job-exposure matrix (JEM) approach to estimate exposures. The JEM linked interview responses of study participants to measurement data through exposure groups (EGs). Here we describe a systematic process used to develop transparent and precise EGs that allowed characterization of exposure levels among the large number of OSRC activities performed across the Gulf of Mexico over time and space. EGs were identified by exposure determinants available to us in our measurement database, from a substantial body of other spill-related information, and from responses provided by study participants in a detailed interview. These determinants included: job\/activity\/task, vessel and type of vessel, weathering of the released oil, area of the Gulf of Mexico, Gulf coast state, and time period. Over 3000 EGs were developed for inhalation exposure and applied to each of 6 JEMs of oil-related substances (total hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, total xylene, and n-hexane). Subsets of those EGs were used for characterization of exposures to dispersants, particulate matter, and oil mist. The EGs allowed assignment to study participants of exposure estimates developed from measurement data or from estimation models through linkage in the JEM for the investigation of exposure-response relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T12:19:53Z","timestamp":1633609193000},"page":"i23-i55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Exposure Group Development in Support of the NIEHS GuLF Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7840-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R","family":"Stenzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exposure Assessment Applications, LLC, 6045 N. 27th. St., Arlington, VA, 22207, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline P","family":"Groth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, WVU School of Public Health, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran B","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-284X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurumurthy","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudipto","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California\u2014Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6794-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard K","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive\u2014MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA"},{"name":"Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive\u2014MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 35 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Caner Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Building 9609, MSC 9760, Bethesda, MD 20892-9760, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dale P","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive\u2014MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, 6045 N. 27th. St., Arlington, VA 22207, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040715014271800_CIT0001","article-title":"Estimation of airborne concentrations of oil dispersants COREXITTM EC9527A and EC9500A during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response and clean-up operations.","author":"Arnold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2022040715014271800_CIT0002","article-title":"GuLF DREAM: A model to estimate dermal exposure among oil spill response and clean-up workers","author":"Gorman Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2022040715014271800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab038","article-title":"Methods for the analysis of 26 million VOC area measurements during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill clean-up","author":"Groth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo 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clean-up","author":"Groth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2022040715014271800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa113","article-title":"Estimates of occupational inhalation exposures to six oil-related compounds on the four rig vessels responding to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.","author":"Huynh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2022040715014271800_CIT0008","article-title":"Estimates of inhalation exposures to oil-related components on the supporting vessels during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill","author":"Huynh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2022040715014271800_CIT0009","article-title":"Estimates of inhalation exposures among land workers during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill clean-up operations","author":"Huynh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2022040715014271800_CIT0010","first-page":"56","article-title":"A comparison of the 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