{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:47:21Z","timestamp":1785786441647,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Work is an under-recognized social determinant of health. There is limited research describing US wildland firefighter (WFF) workforce demographics or how to work associates with WFF health behaviors. In this study researchers characterized a WFF cohort and tested hypotheses that WFFs used tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) differently over the course of the fire season and that different fire crews may exhibit different behavior patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Researchers collected data in the field with 6 WFF crews during 2 consecutive fire seasons (2018 and 2019). WFF crews completed questionnaires before and after each season. WFFs with an initial preseason questionnaire and at least 1 follow-up questionnaire were included (n = 138). Descriptive statistics summarized WFFs\u2019 baseline demographic, employment, and health characteristics. Linear mixed models were used to test for changes in WFFs\u2019 substance use over time and assess crew-level differences. A meta-analysis of WFF longitudinal studies\u2019 population characteristics was attempted to contextualize baseline findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>WFFs were predominately male, less than 35 yr of age, non-Hispanic White, and had healthy weight. Smokeless tobacco use and binge drinking were prevalent in this cohort (52% and 78%, respectively, among respondents). Longitudinal analyses revealed that during the fire season WFFs\u2019 use of tobacco and SSBs increased and the number of days they consumed alcohol decreased. Crew-level associations varied by substance. The meta-analysis was not completed due to cross-study heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>WFF agencies can promote evidence-based substance use prevention and management programs and modify working conditions that may influence WFF stress or substance use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxad080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T08:36:09Z","timestamp":1704184569000},"page":"122-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The wildland firefighter exposure and health effect (WFFEHE) study: cohort characteristics and health behavior changes in context"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2192-5526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth 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R","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of the Interior, Office of Occupational Safety and Health , Denver, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Ramirez-Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division , Denver, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-0527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christa R","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division , Denver, CO , 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