{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:18:48Z","timestamp":1784071128643,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"WorkSafe BC, the Government of Alberta"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FRN 130235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN 130235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Musculoskeletal disorders are known to result from physical demands at the workplace. Identification of risks specific to particular trades may encourage work modification to prevent new onset conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a Canadian cohort study of male and female welders and electrical workers, we collected self-reports of low-back pain, shoulder pain, and symptoms suggestive of vibration white finger (VWF) at each 6-monthly contact for up to 5 yr. Physician records of back and shoulder\/joint disorders and Raynaud\u2019s syndrome were extracted from the Alberta administrative health database (AHDB). At each contact, participants completed questions on ergonomic work factors. We computed cumulative hours exposed for 6 factors: whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration, manipulating heavy objects, working at or above shoulder height, working while crouching or kneeling, and work in cold environments. The relation of current and log cumulative exposures to health outcomes was identified by proportional hazards regression, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking, anxiety, and depression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 1,885 workers recruited January 2011 to September 2017, 872 welders and 812 electrical workers recorded symptoms and workplace demands on at least one occasion, with 693 welders and 567 electrical workers matched to the AHDB. In final models, whole-body vibration was related overall to each self-reported health outcome with backpain risk most in evidence for male welders (HR = 1.10 log increase\/h of exposure: 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.15, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Working in a crouching position and in cold temperatures also contributed to back pain in welders. Cumulative hours working at or above shoulder height increased welders\u2019 risk of shoulder pain (HR = 1.07 log increase\/h of exposure: 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.11, P = 0.001). Working at or above shoulder height was related to both back and shoulder pain in the electrical trades, where cumulative exposure to hand-arm vibration was an additional factor for shoulder pain (HR = 1.06 log increase\/h of exposure: 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.10, P = 0.007). Manipulating heavy loads was a further risk factor for back and shoulder pain for women in electrical work. There were only 3 incident cases of Raynaud\u2019s syndrome in physician records: symptoms suggestive of VWF related strongly to work in cold environments but not to hand-arm vibration. Physician records of back pain did not reflect specific workplace demands, but physician records of shoulder\/joint conditions were greater, overall, in those with longer exposure to whole-body vibration and to current hand-arm vibration in electrical workers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vibration, a well-recognized hazard, was a risk factor for all outcomes but with whole-body vibration more evidently a risk for welders and hand-arm vibration for electrical workers. The final models of risk factors differed importantly between the two trades, suggesting specific targets for intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaf029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T03:30:01Z","timestamp":1749871801000},"page":"626-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The relation of musculoskeletal disorders to ergonomic work demands in welders and electrical workers: a prospective Canadian cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3147-1548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Cherry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T5J 0N3 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3784-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Galarneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071512015044600_CIT0001","author":"ACGIH","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025071512015044600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.08.002","article-title":"Economic impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) on work in Europe","volume":"29","author":"Bevan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025071512015044600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.11.722","article-title":"Dose-response relation for vascular disorders induced by vibration in the fingers of forestry workers","volume":"52","author":"Bovenzi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025071512015044600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-019-01470-z","article-title":"Occupational lifting predicts hospital admission due to low back pain in a cohort of airport baggage handlers","volume":"93","author":"Brauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2025071512015044600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1615","article-title":"Exposure assessment of risk factors for disorders of the back in occupational epidemiology","volume":"18","author":"Burdorf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2025071512015044600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.7.490","article-title":"Prognostic factors for musculoskeletal sickness absence and return to work among welders and metal workers","volume":"55","author":"Burdorf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025071512015044600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3072","article-title":"White fingers, cold environment, and vibration--exposure among Swedish construction workers","volume":"36","author":"Burstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2025071512015044600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxy007","article-title":"Health and work in women and men in the welding and electrical trades: how do they differ","volume":"62","author":"Cherry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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