{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:15:48Z","timestamp":1791234948022,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014576","name":"University of California Office of the President","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R02CP733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R02CP733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014576","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Southern California Education and Research Center","award":["CDC\/NIOSH T42 OH008412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDC\/NIOSH T42 OH008412"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wildland and wildland\u2013urban interface (W\/WUI) fires are increasing in frequency and intensity, increasing concerns about firefighters' exposure to hazardous smoke and the need for respiratory protection. This qualitative study explored the perspectives of California fire service personnel on the use of respiratory protective devices (RPDs), particularly powered air-purifying respirators, and a potential Cal\/OSHA regulation mandating their use in W\/WUI firefighting. Participants were experienced in W\/WUI firefighting and had some role in their fire department related to respiratory protection or other aspect of firefighter safety. While all participants recognized the health risks associated with smoke exposure, including cancer and acute respiratory symptoms, and that RPDs would reduce their exposures, participants had concerns that RPDs would negatively affect fatigue, comfort, communication, mobility, and situational awareness. Some concerns specifically relate to the design of the RPDs. Most participants supported using RPDs in specific scenarios such as mop-up and prescribed burns, but fewer supported RPD use during high-exertion tasks like cutting line. Participants preferred flexibility or guidance rather than prescriptive regulation and advocated for engagement of firefighters in the development of any potential regulation to ensure practicality and feasibility. Some participants acknowledged resistance to change in the industry as a barrier for RPD adoption, but felt that evidence of RPD effectiveness and usability, including opportunities for training with devices and changes to device design, could assist with adoption. A programmatic regulation, coupled with education and engagement, can facilitate the incorporation of RPDs in W\/WUI firefighting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaf077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T17:01:10Z","timestamp":1762880470000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Attitudes of fire service personnel toward respiratory protection in wildland firefighting"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Eden","family":"Dawit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles , 600 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 \u00a0","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafaq","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles , 600 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 \u00a0","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Vinegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles , 600 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 \u00a0","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Styles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute , 555 12th Street, Suite 600 Oakland, CA 94607 \u00a0","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1611-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael M","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles , 600 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 \u00a0","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Beam","DOI":"10.1115\/DMD2023-59466"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B2","volume-title":"Summary report California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection evaluation of full-face air-purifying respirators for wildland fire fighting use. Book summary report California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection evaluation of full-face air-purifying respirators for wildland fire fighting use","author":"Beason","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B3","author":"Blume"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxae073","article-title":"A field investigation of 3 masks proposed as respiratory protection for wildland firefighters: a randomized controlled trial in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"68","author":"Broznitsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B5","volume-title":"Draft regulatory text California code of regulations, title 8, section 3410.2: respiratory protection for wildland firefighting and wildland urban interface operations. Book draft regulatory text California code of regulations, title 8, section 3410.2: respiratory protection for wildland firefighting and wildland urban interface operations","author":"Cal\/OSHA","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1202\/0002-8894(2001)062&lt;0411:WPWBTD&gt;2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Work performance when breathing through different respirator exhalation resistances","volume":"62","author":"Caretti","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIHA J"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCST-06-2014-0077","article-title":"The human factors\/ergonomics studies for respirators: a review and future work","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cloth Sci Technol."},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13658","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013658","article-title":"Respiratory tract and eye symptoms in wildland firefighters in two Canadian provinces: impact of discretionary use of an N95 mask during successive rotations","volume":"19","author":"Cherry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B9","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design","author":"Creswell","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20651","article-title":"Effective of protective filters on fire fighter respiratory health: field validation during prescribed burns","volume":"52","author":"De Vos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1177\/10806032241312399","article-title":"Smoke exposure and respirator use among wildland firefighters: a narrative review","volume":"36","author":"Filiberti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med."},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.895372","article-title":"Exposures and cross-shift lung function declines in wildland firefighters","volume":"11","author":"Gaughan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.125660","article-title":"Source-resolved black carbon and PM2.5 exposures during wildfires and prescribed burns","volume":"368","author":"Gili","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/em.70002","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications associated with wildland-urban interface (WUI) firefighting","volume":"66","author":"Goodrich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100482","article-title":"Face-to-face with scorching wildfire: potential toxicant exposure and the health risks of smoke for wildland firefighters at the wildland-urban interface","volume":"21","author":"Hwang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"2026030509520387600_wxaf077-B16","volume-title":"Occupational exposure as a firefighter. 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