{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:42:41Z","timestamp":1785296561831,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01 ES 102945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01 ES 102945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010, oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers were exposed to crude oil, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H). Growing evidence links these exposures to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid and C-reactive protein levels are used to assess CVD risk and may serve as mediators of the observed associations with CVD. However, few studies have assessed associations of oil spill cleanup-related exposures with blood levels of lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined associations of oil spill cleanup-related exposure to each individual BTEX-H chemical, total (aggregate sum) BTEX-H, and the BTEX-H mixture with blood lipids and CRP among OSRC workers in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up (GuLF) Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects comprised 2,544 OSRC workers who completed a home visit (May 2011 to May 2013) and had CVD biomarker measurements. Cumulative exposures to BTEX-H (ppb-days) were estimated using a job-exposure matrix that linked air measurements with self-reported Deepwater Horizon work histories. Study biomarkers were lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), which were measured in blood samples collected during the home visit. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of quartiles of BTEX-H with lipid and hsCRP levels. We log-transformed hsCRP due to a non-normal distribution. We used quantile g-computation to assess the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each BTEX-H chemical was associated with elevations in total cholesterol up to 3 yr after exposure, with the strongest effect estimates in the top quartile, ranging from 2.3 to 5.1\u2005mg\/dL. A one quartile simultaneous increase in the BTEX-H mixture was associated with a 1.7\u2005mg\/dL increase in total cholesterol. While trends were less consistent for hsCRP, most estimates were above the null and a one quartile increase in exposure to the BTEX-H mixture was associated with a 3% increase in hsCRP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggests that oil spill cleanup-related BTEX-H exposures were associated with elevations in some CVD biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaf091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:50:52Z","timestamp":1767185452000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of oil spill-related volatile organic compound exposure with CVD-related biomarkers in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7831-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Opal P","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health , 2104G McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop A3-05, 111 T.W. 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Box 12233, Mail Drop A3-05, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park , NC 27709 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC , 6045 N. 27th. St., Arlington, VA 22207 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7840-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R","family":"Stenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exposure Assessment Applications, LLC , 6045 N. 27th. 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Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park , NC 27709 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health , 2104G McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 12233, Mail Drop A3-05, 111 T.W. 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