{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:09:17Z","timestamp":1784830157960,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000869","name":"Health and Safety Executive","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a cross-sectional study of UK brick and stone workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica, Club cell protein (CC16), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF\u03b2\u03b2), C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, lung surfactant proteins A &amp; D, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were measured in serum samples from 261 workers. Questionnaire data on health outcomes were also recorded, along with spirometry and a chest X-ray. Individual cumulative respirable crystalline silica exposures were calculated. Four subjects (1.5%) had silicosis, and these were characterised by evidence of small airways obstruction, reduced predicted forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s and noticeable increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and surfactant protein A. CC16 and surfactant protein D significantly increased with cumulative respirable crystalline silica exposure, but CC16 also independently decreased with evidence of airflow obstruction or small airways obstruction. Therefore, the interpretation of serum CC16 levels in silica-exposed populations may be complex. There was some evidence of down-regulation of the PDGF\u03b2\u03b2 pathway with increasing exposure. Surfactant protein D levels were also associated with several chronic respiratory symptoms reported by workers. Serum surfactant protein A, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin showed little or no relationship to cumulative respirable crystalline silica levels. These data raise the possibility that surfactant protein D, CC16, surfactant protein A, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 may have a role in defining the natural history of silicosis, with the latter 2 biomarkers possibly reflecting where pathology is evidenced on imaging techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxag058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:55:00Z","timestamp":1783684500000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An exploratory cross-sectional study of serum biomarkers as related to respiratory outcomes and workplace silica exposure levels in UK brick-manufacturing and stone workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Howard","family":"Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre , Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre , Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-2999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre , Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre , Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre , Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre , Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fishwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre , Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.18502\/japh.v9i2.15926","article-title":"Relationship between occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and serum CC16 level as a potential biomarker for preventing silicosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis study","volume":"9","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Air Pollut Health"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxy103","article-title":"Exposure to respirable crystalline silica in the GB brick manufacturing and stone working industries","volume":"63","author":"Baldwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(95)03284-3","article-title":"Low molecular weight proteins as markers of organ toxicity with special reference to Clara cell protein","volume":"77","author":"Bernard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92587-0","article-title":"Serum levels of inflammatory mediators as prognostic biomarker in silica exposed workers","volume":"11","author":"Blanco-P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02130-2018","article-title":"Changing prevalence of current asthma and inhaled corticosteroid treatment in the UK: population-based cohort 2006\u20132016","volume":"53","author":"Bloom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9806044","article-title":"Number and proliferation of Clara cells in normal human airway epithelium","volume":"159","author":"Boers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa287","article-title":"Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Boudigaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-016-0385-9","article-title":"Surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D, in respiratory fungal infections: their role in the inflammatory response","volume":"17","author":"Carreto-Binaghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2012.03.008","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in inflammation and cancer","volume":"1826","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.19428\/j.cnki.sjpm.2024.23202","article-title":"Relationship between plasma SP-A expression level and disease stage in silicosis patients","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shanghai J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B11","first-page":"765","article-title":"Surfactant protein D. Increased accumulation in silica-induced pulmonary lipoproteinosis","volume":"139","author":"Crouch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7077.338","article-title":"Respiratory morbidity 10 years after the Union Carbide gas leak at Bhopal: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"314","author":"Cullinan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10711-1","article-title":"The association between silica exposure, silicosis and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2022.2048745","article-title":"A study of pneumoproteins in crystalline silica exposed rock drillers","volume":"34","author":"Ellingsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3579081","article-title":"Body mass index and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: an updated dose\u2013response meta-analysis","volume":"2019","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023-11-1","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2023-11-1","article-title":"Autoimmune findings in patients with silicosis in Spain","volume":"13","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B17","article-title":"A longitudinal study of symptoms, lung function, radiology and workplace exposure levels in current GB silica exposed workers","author":"Fishwick","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2019.1698293","article-title":"Obstructive lung diseases and risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Friedlander","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B19","first-page":"108","article-title":"Silica nephropathy","volume":"1","author":"Ghahramani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.9901117","article-title":"Serial changes in surfactant-associated proteins in lung and serum before and after onset of ARDS","volume":"160","author":"Greene","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02158-8","article-title":"Relationships of serum CC16 levels with smoking status and lung function in COPD","volume":"23","author":"Gribben","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390500196537","article-title":"Mechanistically identified suitable biomarkers of exposure, effect and susceptibility for silicosis and coal-worker's pneumoconiosis: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Gulumian","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health Part B"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3109\/13547509609079341","article-title":"Clara cell protein (CC16): characteristics and potential applications as biomarker of lung toxicity","volume":"1","author":"Hermans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700100107","article-title":"Case\u2013control study of silicosis, silica exposure, and lung cancer in white South African gold miners","volume":"10","author":"Hessel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.4.237","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust: a review of epidemiological and pathological evidence","volume":"60","author":"Hnizdo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2024-110000","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of chest X-ray screening for silicosis: a systematic review, meta-analysis and modelling study","volume":"82","author":"Howlett","year":"2026","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2023-108892","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for silicosis among a large cohort of stone benchtop industry workers","volume":"80","author":"Hoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2174\/156652406777435426","article-title":"EGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinases as therapeutic targets for chronic lung diseases","volume":"6","author":"Ingram","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B29","volume-title":"Guidelines for the use of the ILO International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses (Revised edition). Book Guidelines for the use of the ILO International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses, (Revised edition)","author":"International Labour Office","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.2.460","article-title":"Alveolar type II cells, surfactant protein A (SP-A), and the phospholipid components of surfactant in acute silicosis in the rat","volume":"140","author":"Kawada","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-021-2350-1","article-title":"Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is elevated in patients with asthma and airway obstruction","volume":"41","author":"Kawagoe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01990-2","article-title":"Spirometry parameters used to define small airways obstruction in population-based studies: systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Knox-Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2013-0112","article-title":"Serum levels of TGF-\u03b21 and MCP-1 as biomarkers for progressive coal workers' pneumoconiosis in retired coal workers: a three-year follow-up study","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind Health."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-016-0167-z","article-title":"Macrophage-derived MCPIP1 mediates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis via autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.07.002","article-title":"Role of human pulmonary fibroblast-derived MCP-1 in cell activation and migration in experimental silicosis","volume":"288","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S366988","article-title":"Complex evaluation of surfactant protein A and D as biomarkers for the severity of COPD","volume":"17","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215293","article-title":"The pulmonary collections, SP-A and SP-D, orchestrate innate immunity in the lung","volume":"109","author":"McCormack","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1799_18","article-title":"Club cell protein 16 as a biomarker for early detection of silicosis","volume":"151","author":"Naha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00131","article-title":"An insight into the diverse roles of surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D in innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"3","author":"Nayak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00097","article-title":"Silica, silicosis, and autoimmunity","volume":"7","author":"Pollard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ac20c1","article-title":"The potential role of SP-D as an early biomarker of severity of asthma","volume":"15","author":"Principe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","article-title":"ERS Global Lung Function Initiative. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3\u201395-year age range: the global lung function 2012 equations","volume":"40","author":"Quanjer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00040708","article-title":"High-sensitive C-reactive protein is associated with reduced lung function in young adults","volume":"33","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0337ST","article-title":"Official American Thoracic Society Technical Standards: spirometry in the occupational setting","volume":"189","author":"Redlich","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJRCCM"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310470","article-title":"The review of current knowledge on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)","volume":"24","author":"Romejko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2020.1825569","article-title":"Is individual genetic susceptibility a link between silica exposure and development or severity of silicosis? A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Salum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abst.2023.04.001","article-title":"Potential consequences of screening of occupational silica dust exposed workers for early detection of silicosis\/silico-tuberculosis using a novel biomarker, club cell protein-16, with possible intervention by repurposing metformin","volume":"5","author":"Sarkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Biomark Sci Technol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.102024","article-title":"The effect of silica exposure on the risk of lung cancer: a dose\u2013response meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B49","article-title":"A longitudinal study of occupational respirable crystalline silica exposure in brick and stone workers in Great Britain.","author":"Simpson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.38","article-title":"S32 epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK: findings from the British lung foundation's \u2018respiratory health of the nation\u2019 project","volume":"71","author":"Snell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L713","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.278.4.L713","article-title":"Surfactant protein A prevents silica-mediated toxicity to rat alveolar macrophages","volume":"278","author":"Spech","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700280505","article-title":"Silica exposure and autoimmune diseases","volume":"28","author":"Steenland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.022053","article-title":"Silica exposure is associated with increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA study","volume":"64","author":"Stolt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14b23.x","article-title":"Clinical significance of MCP-1 levels in BALF and serum in patients with interstitial lung diseases","volume":"14","author":"Suga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2024-109526","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases, autoantibody status and silicosis in a cohort of 1238 workers from the artificial stone benchtop industry","volume":"81","author":"Tomic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318124a927","article-title":"Roles of serum Clara cell protein 16 and surfactant protein-D in the early diagnosis and progression of silicosis","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.622598","article-title":"SP-A and SP-D: dual functioning immune molecules with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties","volume":"11","author":"Watson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"2026072313422808100_wxag058-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/1393003.congress-2017.OA488","article-title":"Serum KL-6, SP-D and MMP-2 as diagnostic biomarkers in asbestosis and silicosis","volume":"50","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."}],"container-title":["Annals of Work Exposures and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annweh\/article-pdf\/70\/6\/wxag058\/69880033\/wxag058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annweh\/article-pdf\/70\/6\/wxag058\/69880033\/wxag058.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:42:36Z","timestamp":1784828556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annweh\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxag058\/8740625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxag058","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-7308","2398-7316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-7308","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-7316","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"article-number":"wxag058"}}