{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:22:09Z","timestamp":1787844129688,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Co-creation Center for Disaster Resilience"},{"name":"IRIDeS"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006004","name":"Tohoku University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2-CO009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-CO009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP25K01376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K01376"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, taxis were used to transport patients with mild symptoms; however, quantitative field evidence on ventilation performance and driver-area isolation in modified taxis remains limited. We conducted a field demonstration experiment to evaluate a purpose-modified taxi under real driving conditions: approximately constant-speed driving (55\u2005km\/h) and variable-speed driving. Rear-cabin ventilation was assessed using carbon dioxide (CO2) tracer-gas decay, and compartmental isolation was evaluated using particle measurements. Estimated air changes per hour were 33.8\u2005h\u22121 during constant-speed driving and 44.8\u2005h\u22121 during variable-speed driving. Rear-cabin CO2 concentrations exceeded 8,000\u2005ppm immediately after tracer release in both runs, while front-cabin CO2 concentrations remained near background levels. Rear-cabin particle counts exceeded 12,000 counts per minute (cpm) in both runs, while front-cabin counts remained \u226415\u2005cpm, corresponding to \u22640.12% of rear-cabin peak levels. Under the tested configuration, the modified taxi achieved high rear-cabin ventilation while maintaining strong driver-area isolation. This paired field-verification approach may support practical evaluation of exposure-control measures in purpose-modified passenger transport vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxag064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:16:06Z","timestamp":1786706166000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Field verification of ventilation performance and driver-area isolation in a purpose-modified taxi for transporting patients with infectious disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5106-7094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroko","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, Institute for Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba city, Chiba 263-8555 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan , 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu city, Fukuoka 807-8555 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7284-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yo","family":"Ishigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Realizing Sustainable Societies, The University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu city, Tokyo 182-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-7509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miyagi-Anti-Tuberculosis Association , 2-3-1 Nakayama-Yoshinari, Aoba-ku, Sendai city, Miyagi 989-3203 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2956-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Yokogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Info-Powered Energy System Research Center (iPERC), The University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu city, Tokyo 182-8585 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082711080937700_wxag064-B1","author":"Antari Lighting & Effects Ltd","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026082711080937700_wxag064-B2","author":"Japan Meteorological Agency [JMA]","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026082711080937700_wxag064-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2023.10.013","article-title":"COVID-19 transmission and control in land public transport: a literature review","volume":"4","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fundam Res"},{"key":"2026082711080937700_wxag064-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe0166","article-title":"Airflows inside passenger cars and implications for airborne disease transmission","volume":"7","author":"Mathai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026082711080937700_wxag064-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2024.102155","article-title":"Reducing the risk of droplet inhalation for taxi drivers by regulating the air supply position according to the exhalation source","volume":"15","author":"Mei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos Pollut Res"},{"key":"2026082711080937700_wxag064-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166099","article-title":"Evaluation of intervention measures in reducing the driver's exposure to respiratory particles in a taxi with infected passengers","volume":"902","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026082711080937700_wxag064-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.10.030","article-title":"Measuring and modeling air exchange rates inside taxi cabs in Los Angeles, California","volume":"122","author":"Shu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"}],"container-title":["Annals of Work Exposures and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annweh\/article-pdf\/70\/7\/wxag064\/70819788\/wxag064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annweh\/article-pdf\/70\/7\/wxag064\/70819788\/wxag064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:08:11Z","timestamp":1787843291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/annweh\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxag064\/8771883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxag064","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-7308","2398-7316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-7308","type":"print"},{"value":"2398-7316","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"article-number":"wxag064"}}