{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T02:53:14Z","timestamp":1740106394805,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H04827","18K14778","25291085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H04827","18K14778","25291085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency \u2018Strategic International Collaborative Research Program\u2019","award":["4-1403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4-1403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrasting life-history traits can evolve through generations of dwarf plant ecotypes, yet such phenotypic changes often involve decreased plant size and reproductive allocation, which can configure seed dispersal patterns and, subsequently, population demography. Therefore, evolutionary transitions to dwarfism can represent good study systems to test the roles of life-history traits in population demography by comparing genetic structure between related but phenotypically divergent ecotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we examined an ecotypic taxon pair of the world\u2019s smallest goldenrod (stem height 2.6 cm) in alpine habitats and its closely related lowland taxon (30\u201340 cm) found on Yakushima Island, Japan. Genetic variation in chloroplast DNA sequences, nuclear microsatellites and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used to investigate 197 samples from 16 populations, to infer the population genetic demography and compare local genetic structure of the ecotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a pronounced level of genetic differentiation among alpine dwarf populations, which were much less geographically isolated than their lowland counterparts. In particular, several neighbouring dwarf populations (located ~500 m apart) harboured completely different sets of chloroplast haplotypes and nuclear genetic clusters. Demographic modelling revealed that the dwarf populations have not exchanged genes at significant levels after population divergence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These lines of evidence suggest that substantial effects of genetic drift have operated on these dwarf populations. The low-growing stature and reduced fecundity (only 3.1 heads per plant) of the dwarf plants may have reduced gene flow and rare long-distance seed dispersal among habitat patches, although the effects of life-history traits require further evaluation using ecological approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcaa062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T11:09:43Z","timestamp":1585912183000},"page":"163-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genetic consequences of being a dwarf: do evolutionary changes in life-history traits influence gene flow patterns in populations of the world\u2019s smallest goldenrod?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Shota","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi J","family":"Nagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Yasugi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kudoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motomi","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2004.01178.x","article-title":"Effects of life-history traits and species distribution on genetic structure at maternally inherited markers in European trees and shrubs","volume":"32","author":"Aguinagalde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036","article-title":"Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies","volume":"16","author":"Bandelt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"volume-title":"Population differentiation in Solidago virgaurea along altitudinal gradients","year":"2009","author":"Bergstern","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0003"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1968.tb00968.x","article-title":"The ecology of arctic and alpine plants","volume":"43","author":"Billings","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biological Reviews"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.2144\/96206st01","article-title":"Modulation of non-templated nucleotide addition by Taq DNA polymerase: primer modifications that facilitate genotyping","volume":"20","author":"Brownstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.111.000240","article-title":"Stacks: building and genotyping loci de novo from short-read sequences","volume":"1","author":"Catchen","year":"2011","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn514","article-title":"Inferring population history with DIY ABC: a user-friendly approach to approximate Bayesian computation","volume":"24","author":"Cornuet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2014.19","article-title":"Small-scale patterns in snowmelt timing affect gene flow and the distribution of genetic diversity in the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea","volume":"113","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.04.001","article-title":"Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) in practice","volume":"25","author":"Csill\u00e9ry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2011.00179.x","article-title":"abc: an R package for approximate Bayesian computation (ABC)","volume":"3","author":"Csill\u00e9ry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1086\/513490","article-title":"Can population genetic structure be predicted from life-history traits?","volume":"169","author":"Duminil","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Naturalist"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-177","article-title":"Plant traits correlated with generation time directly affect inbreeding depression and mating system and indirectly genetic structure","volume":"9","author":"Duminil","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04560.x","article-title":"Heterosis and outbreeding depression in interpopulation crosses spanning a wide range of divergence","volume":"53","author":"Edmands","year":"1999","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00221895","article-title":"High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree Argania spinosa (L) Skeels endemic to Morocco","volume":"92","author":"El Mousadik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x","article-title":"Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows","volume":"10","author":"Excoffier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Resources"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003905","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003905","article-title":"Robust demographic inference from genomic and SNP data","volume":"9","author":"Excoffier","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.4.1567","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies","volume":"164","author":"Falush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.092221","article-title":"A genome-scan method to identify selected loci appropriate for both dominant and codominant markers: a Bayesian perspective","volume":"180","author":"Foll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2010.01768.x","article-title":"Interregional variation in the floristic recovery of post-agricultural forests","volume":"99","author":"De Frenne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0021","first-page":"49","article-title":"The cytotaxonomy and origin of Ranunculus yaegatakensis, an endemic taxon of Yakushima Island","volume":"103","author":"Fujishima","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Research"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2001.01190.x","article-title":"Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci","volume":"10","author":"Garza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111627","article-title":"FSTAT (Version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics","volume":"86","author":"Goudet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Heredity"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0024","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symposium Series"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0112","article-title":"Plant life histories: ecological correlates and phylogenetic constraints \u2013 effects of life history traits on genetic diversity in plant species","volume":"351","author":"Hamrick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.027714","article-title":"Fine-scale genetic structure and gene dispersal in Centaurea corymbosa (Asteraceae). II. Correlated paternity within and among sibships","volume":"168","author":"Hardy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02785.x","article-title":"Fine-scale genetic structure and gene dispersal inferences in 10 neotropical tree species","volume":"15","author":"Hardy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"volume-title":"Flora of the northern Ryukyus","year":"1991","author":"Hatsushima","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0028"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/boj.12074","article-title":"Multiple introgression events and range shifts in Schizocodon (Diapensiaceae) during the Pleistocene","volume":"173","author":"Higashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"volume-title":"geosphere: Spherical Trigonometry.","year":"2016","author":"Hijmans","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0030"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6949","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3252","article-title":"Phenotypic differentiation of the Solidago virgaurea complex along an elevational gradient: insights from a common garden experiment and population genetics","volume":"7","author":"Hirano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800503","article-title":"Landscape genetics of alpine-snowbed plants: comparisons along geographic and snowmelt gradients","volume":"93","author":"Hirao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.1964","article-title":"Testing the niche-breadth-range-size hypothesis: habitat specialization vs. performance in Australian alpine daisies","volume":"98","author":"Hirst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2010.09.002","article-title":"Landscape genetics of plants","volume":"15","author":"Holderegger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02591.x","article-title":"Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information","volume":"9","author":"Hubisz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Resources"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1266\/jjg.40.63","article-title":"Chromosome analysis in the tribe Astereae","volume":"40","author":"Huziwara","year":"1965","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-006-0286-y","article-title":"Evaluation of morphological and molecular variation in Plantago asiatica var. densiuscula, with special reference to the systematic treatment of Plantago asiatica var. yakusimensis","volume":"119","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Research"},{"volume-title":"adegenet: an R package for the exploratory analysis of genetic and genomic data","year":"2012","author":"Jombart","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0038"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-017-1410-2","article-title":"Crossability of a high-mountain dwarf variety of Lysimachia japonica (Primulaceae) endemic to Yakushima Island with its normal-sized lowland counterpart","author":"Kakezawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Systematics and Evolution"},{"volume-title":"Life history of Solidago virgaurea. Shokubutsu no Sekai 3","year":"1988","author":"Kawano","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0040"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s12224-013-9180-2","article-title":"Taxonomy of the Solidago virgaurea group (Asteraceae) in Poland, with special reference to variability along an altitudinal gradient","volume":"49","author":"Kie\u0142tyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Folia Geobotanica"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12332","article-title":"Performance of partial statistics in individual-based landscape genetics","volume":"15","author":"Kierepka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Resources"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.09.004","article-title":"Evidence of three parallel evolutions of leaf dwarfism and phytogeography in Lysimachia sect. Nummularia in Japan and Taiwan","volume":"54","author":"Kokubugata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18970-8","volume-title":"Alpine plant life: functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems","author":"K\u00f6rner","year":"2003"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02416.x","article-title":"Similarity coefficients for molecular markers in studies of genetic relationships between individuals for haploid, diploid, and polyploid species","volume":"14","author":"Kosman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005361","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005361","article-title":"A genome scan for genes underlying microgeographic-scale local adaptation in a wild Arabidopsis species","volume":"11","author":"Kubota","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1366-9516.2004.00106.x","article-title":"BiolFlor: a new plant-trait database as a tool for plant invasion ecology","volume":"10","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diversity and Distributions"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-015-3394-3","article-title":"Small-scale drivers: the importance of nutrient availability and snowmelt timing on performance of the alpine shrub Salix herbacea","volume":"180","author":"Little","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2012.01867.x","article-title":"Ecotypes and the controversy over stages in the formation of new species","volume":"106","author":"Lowry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2006.01740.x","article-title":"A new scenario for the quaternary history of European beech populations: palaeobotanical evidence and genetic consequences","volume":"171","author":"Magri","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00008-9","article-title":"Landscape genetics: combining landscape ecology and population genetics","volume":"18","author":"Manel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1086\/284321","article-title":"Grazing lawns: animals in herds, plant form, and coevolution","volume":"124","author":"McNaughton","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Naturalist"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/8.19.4321","article-title":"Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA","volume":"8","author":"Murray","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0054","first-page":"65","article-title":"The rDNA locus and the RAPDs analysis of Solidago virgaurea ssp. asiatica and ssp. leiocarpa (Compositae) in Mt. Hakusan","volume":"45","author":"Nakamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124975","article-title":"Long-distance dispersal of plants","volume":"313","author":"Nathan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00844","article-title":"Mechanisms of long-distance dispersal of seeds by wind","volume":"418","author":"Nathan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7312\/nei-92038","volume-title":"Molecular evolutionary genetics","author":"Nei","year":"1987"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0058","first-page":"117","article-title":"Morphological variation of the head characters in Solidago virgaurea L. inhabiting three mountains in central Honshu","volume":"49","author":"Nishizawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.03946.x","article-title":"Divergent selection and heterogeneous genomic divergence","volume":"18","author":"Nosil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1078\/1433-8319-00006","article-title":"Effects of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants","volume":"3","author":"Nybom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics"},{"volume-title":"vegan: community ecology package","year":"2012","author":"Oksanen","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0061"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0062","first-page":"17","article-title":"Mitella amamiana sp. nov., the first discovery of the genus Mitella (Saxifragaceae) in the Central Ryukyus","volume":"67","author":"Okuyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12495","article-title":"Evolution in subdivided plant populations: concepts, recent advances and future directions","volume":"201","author":"Pannell","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg412","article-title":"APE: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution in R language","volume":"20","author":"Paradis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x","article-title":"GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research","volume":"6","author":"Peakall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Notes"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data","volume":"155","author":"Pritchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.01.012","article-title":"Plant molecular phylogeography in China and adjacent regions: tracing the genetic imprints of Quaternary climate and environmental change in the world\u2019s most diverse temperate flora","volume":"59","author":"Qiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"volume-title":"R version 3.2.2: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2015","author":"R Development Core Team","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0069"},{"volume-title":"R version 3.4.0: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2017","author":"R Development Core Team","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0070"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15112","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102900108","article-title":"Lack of confidence in approximate Bayesian computation model choice","volume":"108","author":"Robert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00715.x","article-title":"Ecological speciation","volume":"8","author":"Rundle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0073","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14744","article-title":"Simultaneous evaluation of the effects of geographic, environmental and temporal isolation in ecotypic populations of Solidago virgaurea","volume":"216","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13034","article-title":"Maintenance of soil ecotypes of Solidago virgaurea in close parapatry via divergent flowering time and selection against immigrants","volume":"107","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400035","DOI":"10.3732\/apps.1400035","article-title":"Development and characterization of EST-SSR markers for the Solidago virgaurea complex (Asteraceae) in the Japanese archipelago","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applications in Plant Sciences"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11295-015-0944-0","article-title":"High-throughput linkage mapping of Australian white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) and map transferability to related species","volume":"11","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tree Genetics & Genomes"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcx182","article-title":"Phylogeographic analysis of the East Asian goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea complex, Asteraceae) reveals hidden ecological diversification with recurrent formation of ecotypes","volume":"121","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3732\/apps.1200313","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the invasive herb Solidago altissima (Asteraceae)","volume":"1","author":"Sakata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applications in Plant Sciences"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.02068.x","article-title":"Functional ecology of ecotypic differentiation in the Californian serpentine sunflower (Helianthus exilis)","volume":"175","author":"Sambatti","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122395","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122395","article-title":"The response of the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea to altered snowmelt timing: lessons from a multi-site transplant experiment","volume":"10","author":"Sedlacek","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2171","article-title":"Evolutionary potential in the alpine: trait heritabilities and performance variation of the dwarf willow Salix herbacea from different elevations and microhabitats","volume":"6","author":"Sedlacek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2014.05.006","article-title":"What role do plant\u2013soil interactions play in the habitat suitability and potential range expansion of the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea?","volume":"15","author":"Sedlacek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic and Applied Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12258","article-title":"Genetic isolation by environment or distance: which pattern of gene flow is most common?","volume":"68","author":"Sexton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.92.1.142","article-title":"The tortoise and the hare II: relative utility of 21 noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis","volume":"92","author":"Shaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Botany"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-006-0016-5","article-title":"How have the alpine dwarf plants in Yakushima been miniaturized? A comparative study of two alpine dwarf species in Yakushima, Blechnum niponicum (Blechnaceae) and Lysimachia japonica (Primulaceae)","volume":"119","author":"Shinohara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Research"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8064","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602675113","article-title":"Evolutionary lessons from California plant phylogeography","volume":"113","author":"Sork","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.245.2.1","article-title":"A tale of two islands: parallel evolution of dwarfism in Smilax biflora (Smilacaceae)","volume":"245","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-1984.2008.00221.x","article-title":"Dwarf morphology of the annual plant Persicaria longiseta as a local adaptation to a grazed habitat, Nara Park, Japan","volume":"23","author":"Suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Species Biology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-1984.2009.00250.x","article-title":"Morphological and population responses to deer grazing for herbaceous species in Nara Park, western Japan","volume":"24","author":"Suzuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Species Biology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-44789","article-title":"Dandelion seed dispersal: the horizontal wind speed does not matter for long-distance dispersal \u2013 it is updraft!","volume":"5","author":"Tackenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Biology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.5026\/jgeography.111.5_726","article-title":"Climatological study of precipitation distribution in Yaku-shima Island, southern Japan","volume":"111","author":"Takahara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi)"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1442-1984.12148","article-title":"Morphological variations of the Solidago virgaurea L. complex along an elevational gradient on Mt Norikura, central Japan","author":"Takahashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Species Biology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800411","article-title":"Comparison of the fine-scale genetic structure of three dipterocarp species","volume":"92","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1000.1","article-title":"Predicting species\u2019 maximum dispersal distances from simple plant traits","volume":"95","author":"Tamme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2011.01867.x","article-title":"Seed dispersal distance is more strongly correlated with plant height than with seed mass","volume":"99","author":"Thomson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-004-0186-y","article-title":"Molecular variation of Spiranthes sinensis (Orchidaceae) in Japan, with special reference to systematic treatment of seasonally differentiated groups and a dwarf form, f. gracilis, from Yakushima Island","volume":"118","author":"Tsukaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Research"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.515","article-title":"Population resequencing reveals local adaptation of Arabidopsis lyrata to serpentine soils","volume":"42","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2004.02076.x","article-title":"New insights from fine-scale spatial genetic structure analyses in plant populations","volume":"13","author":"Vekemans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0102","article-title":"Basics of spatial data analysis: linking landscape and","volume-title":"Landscape genetics: concepts, methods, applications","author":"Wagner","year":"2016"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-116","article-title":"ABCtoolbox: a versatile toolkit for approximate Bayesian computations","volume":"11","author":"Wegmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2015.02.004","article-title":"With a little help from my friends: community facilitation increases performance in the dwarf shrub Salix herbacea","volume":"16","author":"Wheeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Basic and Applied Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12579","article-title":"The snow and the willows: earlier spring snowmelt reduces performance in the low-lying alpine shrub Salix herbacea","volume":"104","author":"Wheeler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/16.3.290","article-title":"Evolution in Mendelian populations","volume":"16","author":"Wright","year":"1931","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0107","first-page":"29","article-title":"Cytological studies of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) in the Osumi Islands (Kagoshima Prefecture) I. Chromosome counts of five species collected from Yakushima Island","volume":"82","author":"Yano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Japanese Botany"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-003-0105-7","article-title":"Morphological and molecular variation in Mitchella undulata, with special reference to the systematic treatment of the dwarf form from Yakushima","volume":"116","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Research"},{"volume-title":"The R Stats Package","year":"2018","author":"R Development Core Team","key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0109"},{"key":"2020061910233193200_CIT0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037135","article-title":"Double digest RADseq: an inexpensive method for De Novo SNP discovery and genotyping in model and non-model species","volume":"7","author":"Peterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Annals of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aob\/mcaa062\/33033132\/mcaa062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/article-pdf\/126\/1\/163\/33407285\/mcaa062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/article-pdf\/126\/1\/163\/33407285\/mcaa062.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T10:49:50Z","timestamp":1722682190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/article\/126\/1\/163\/5816325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mcaa062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7364","1095-8290"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0305-7364"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1095-8290"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]}}}