{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T20:40:37Z","timestamp":1789332037964,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2BEP3_175254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2BEP3_175254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016-67013-25088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-67013-25088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WIS01651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WIS01651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007199","name":"Utah Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At the population level, genetic diversity is a key determinant of a tree species\u2019 capacity to cope with stress. However, little is known about the relative importance of the different components of genetic diversity for tree stress responses. We compared how two sources of genetic diversity, genotype and cytotype (i.e. differences in ploidy levels), influence growth, phytochemical and physiological traits of Populus tremuloides in the presence and absence of environmental stress.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a series of field studies, we first assessed variation in traits across diploid and triploid aspen genotypes from Utah and Wisconsin under non-stressed conditions. In two follow-up experiments, we exposed diploid and triploid aspen genotypes from Wisconsin to individual and interactive drought stress and defoliation treatments and quantified trait variations under stress.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that (1) tree growth and associated traits did not differ significantly between ploidy levels under non-stressed conditions. Instead, variation in tree growth and most other traits was driven by genotypic and population differences. (2) Genotypic differences were critical for explaining variation of most functional traits and their responses to stress. (3) Ploidy level played a subtle role in shaping traits and trait stress responses, as its influence was typically obscured by genotypic differences. (4) As an exception to the third conclusion, we showed that triploid trees expressed 17 % higher foliar defence (tremulacin) levels, 11 % higher photosynthesis levels and 23 % higher rubisco activity under well-watered conditions. Moreover, triploid trees displayed greater drought resilience than diploids as they produced 35 % more new tissue than diploids when recovering from drought stress.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although ploidy level can strongly influence the ecology of tree species, those effects may be relatively small in contrast to the effects of genotypic variation in highly diverse species.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcac071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T01:11:19Z","timestamp":1654045879000},"page":"229-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genotypic variation rather than ploidy level determines functional trait expression in a foundation tree species in the presence and absence of environmental stress"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4756-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Eisenring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI , USA"},{"name":"Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL , Z\u00fcrcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4587-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard L","family":"Lindroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Flansburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noreen","family":"Giezendanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8357-4434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen E","family":"Mock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, 5230 Old Main Hill, Utah State University , Logan, UT , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2463-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric L","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 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