{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:54:25Z","timestamp":1772171665282,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DEB-1737899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-1737899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DEB-1928514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-1928514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sphagnum (peatmoss) comprises a moss (Bryophyta) clade with ~300\u2013500 species. The genus has unparalleled ecological importance because Sphagnum-dominated peatlands store almost a third of the terrestrial carbon pool and peatmosses engineer the formation and microtopography of peatlands. Genomic resources for Sphagnum are being actively expanded, but many aspects of their biology are still poorly known. Among these are the degree to which Sphagnum species reproduce asexually, and the relative frequencies of male and female gametophytes in these haploid-dominant plants. We assess clonality and gametophyte sex ratios and test hypotheses about the local-scale distribution of clones and sexes in four North American species of the S. magellanicum complex. These four species are difficult to distinguish morphologically and are very closely related. We also assess microbial communities associated with Sphagnum host plant clones and sexes at two sites.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four hundred and five samples of the four species, representing 57 populations, were subjected to restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Analyses of population structure and clonality based on the molecular data utilized both phylogenetic and phenetic approaches. Multi-locus genotypes (genets) were identified using the RADseq data. Sexes of sampled ramets were determined using a molecular approach that utilized coverage of loci on the sex chromosomes after the method was validated using a sample of plants that expressed sex phenotypically. Sex ratios were estimated for each species, and populations within species. Difference in fitness between genets was estimated as the numbers of ramets each genet comprised. Degrees of clonality [numbers of genets\/numbers of ramets (samples)] within species, among sites, and between gametophyte sexes were estimated. Sex ratios were estimated for each species, and populations within species. Sphagnum-associated microbial communities were assessed at two sites in relation to Sphagnum clonality and sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All four species appear to engage in a mixture of sexual and asexual (clonal) reproduction. A single ramet represents most genets but two to eight ramets were dsumbers ansd text etected for some genets. Only one genet is represented by ramets in multiple populations; all other genets are restricted to a single population. Within populations ramets of individual genets are spatially clustered, suggesting limited dispersal even within peatlands. Sex ratios are male-biased in S. diabolicum but female-biased in the other three species, although significantly so only in S. divinum. Neither species nor males\/females differ in levels of clonal propagation. At St Regis Lake (NY) and Franklin Bog (VT), microbial community composition is strongly differentiated between the sites, but differences between species, genets and sexes were not detected. Within S. divinum, however, female gametophytes harboured two to three times the number of microbial taxa as males.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These four Sphagnum species all exhibit similar reproductive patterns that result from a mixture of sexual and asexual reproduction. The spatial patterns of clonally replicated ramets of genets suggest that these species fall between the so-called phalanx patterns, where genets abut one another but do not extensively mix because of limited ramet fragmentation, and the guerrilla patterns, where extensive genet fragmentation and dispersal result in greater mixing of different genets. Although sex ratios in bryophytes are most often female-biased, both male and female biases occur in this complex of closely related species. The association of far greater microbial diversity for female gametophytes in S. divinum, which has a female-biased sex ratio, suggests additional research to determine if levels of microbial diversity are consistently correlated with differing patterns of sex ratio biases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcad077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T10:59:46Z","timestamp":1688727586000},"page":"77-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clonality, local population structure and gametophyte sex ratios in cryptic species of the <i>Sphagnum magellanicum<\/i> complex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"A Jonathan","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & L. E. Anderson Bryophyte Herbarium, Duke University , Durham, NC, 27708 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron M","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & L. E. Anderson Bryophyte Herbarium, Duke University , Durham, NC, 27708 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Nieto-Lugilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & L. E. Anderson Bryophyte Herbarium, Duke University , Durham, NC, 27708 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blanka","family":"Aguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & L. E. Anderson Bryophyte Herbarium, Duke University , Durham, NC, 27708 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Schuette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy , Pittsburgh, PA, 15222 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, SUNY Oneonta , Oneonta, NY, 13820 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Loveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Kenyon College , Gambier, OH 43022 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen A","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Kenyon College , Gambier, OH 43022 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1334-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Piatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-3572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Kolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel E","family":"Koska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA 30332 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam L","family":"Healey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology , Huntsville, AL 35806 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00495","article-title":"Population genomics and phylogeography of a clonal bryophyte with spatially separated sexes and extreme sex ratios","volume":"11","author":"Alonso-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0002","author":"Andrews","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1201\/b19708","volume-title":"Spatial point patterns: methodology and applications with R","author":"Baddeley","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8859","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501712112","article-title":"Influences of clonality on plant sexual reproduction","volume":"112","author":"Barrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1639\/0007-2745-114.2.277","article-title":"Plant size, sex expression and sexual reproduction along an elevation gradient in a desert moss","volume":"114","author":"Benassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bryologist"},{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1179\/174328205X69959","article-title":"Sex ratio patterns in dioicous bryophytes re-visited","volume":"27","author":"Bisang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Bryology"},{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/boj.12135","article-title":"Family affiliation, sex ratio and sporophyte frequency in unisexual mosses","volume":"174","author":"Bisang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/botlinnean\/boz063","article-title":"Sex expression and genotypic sex ratio vary with region and environment in the wetland moss Drepanocladus lycopodioides","volume":"192","author":"Bisang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"key":"2023101817392505300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1179\/1743282015Y.0000000018","article-title":"Sex expression and sporophyte frequency in Frullania tamarisci (L.) 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