{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:08:33Z","timestamp":1790788113233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022499","name":"California State Coastal Conservancy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022499","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE-1636191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE-1636191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OCE-2129942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCE-2129942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Southern California, Sea","award":["NA180AR4170075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA180AR4170075"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The increased likelihood and severity of storm events has brought into focus the role of coastal ecosystems in provision of shoreline protection by attenuating wave energy. Canopy-forming kelps, including giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), are thought to provide this ecosystem service, but supporting data are extremely limited. Previous in situ examinations relied mostly on comparisons between nominally similar sites with and without kelp. Given that other factors (especially seafloor bathymetry and topographic features) often differ across sites, efforts to isolate the effects of kelp on wave energy propagation confront challenges. In particular, it can be difficult to distinguish wave energy dissipation attributable to kelp from frictional processes at the seabed that often covary with the presence of kelp. Here, we use an ecological transition from no kelp to a full forest, at a single site with static bathymetry, to resolve unambiguously the capacity of giant kelp to damp waves.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We measured waves within and outside rocky reef habitat, in both the absence and the presence of giant kelp, at Marguerite Reef, Palos Verdes, CA, USA. Nested within a broader kelp restoration project, this site transitioned from a bare state to one supporting a fully formed forest (density of 8 stipes m\u22122). We quantified, as a function of incident wave conditions, the decline in wave energy flux attributable to the presence of kelp, as waves propagated from outside and into reef habitat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The kelp forest damped wave energy detectably, but to a modest extent. Interactions with the seabed alone reduced wave energy flux, on average, by 12\u2005\u00b1\u20051.4 % over 180 m of travel. The kelp forest induced an additional 7\u2005\u00b1\u20051.2 % decrease. Kelp-associated declines in wave energy flux were slightly greater for waves of longer periods and smaller wave heights.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Macrocystis pyrifera forests have a limited, albeit measurable, capacity to enhance shoreline protection from nearshore waves. Expectations that giant kelp forests, whether extant or enhanced through restoration, have substantial impacts on wave-induced coastal erosion might require re-evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcad094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T20:20:01Z","timestamp":1689711601000},"page":"29-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Wave damping by giant kelp, <i>Macrocystis pyrifera<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4628-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen","family":"Elsmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis , 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry J","family":"Nickols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge , 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke P","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Research Institute, Loyola Marymount University , 1 Loyola Marymount Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W","family":"Denny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University , 120 Ocean View Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Gaylord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis , 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13322","article-title":"Linking social, ecological, and physical science to advance natural and nature-based protection for coastal communities","volume":"1399","author":"Arkema","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1993.38.3.0687","article-title":"Effects of algal turf canopy height and microscale substratum topography on profiles of flow speed in a coral forereef environment","volume":"38","author":"Carpenter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14066","article-title":"Disturbance and nutrients synchronise kelp forests across scales through interacting Moran effects","volume":"25","author":"Castorani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-950X(1984)110:1(67)","article-title":"Wave diffraction due to areas of energy dissipation","volume":"110","author":"Dalrymple","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0005","volume-title":"The Voyage of the Beagle","author":"Darwin","year":"1839"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0006","first-page":"81","article-title":"Toward an understanding of community resilience and the potential effects of enrichments to the benthos at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Colloquium on Conservation Problems in Antarctica","author":"Dayton","year":"1972"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2307\/2937118","article-title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of disturbance and recovery in a kelp forest community","volume":"62","author":"Dayton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ecological Monographs"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400852888","volume-title":"Biology and the Mechanics of the Wave-Swept Environment","author":"Denny","year":"1988"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.24.3165","article-title":"Flow and flexibility II. The roles of size and shape in determining wave forces on the bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana","volume":"200","author":"Denny","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1998.43.5.0955","article-title":"The menace of momentum: dynamic forces on flexible organisms","volume":"43","author":"Denny","year":"1998","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0011","first-page":"2625","article-title":"Wave energy dissipation in kelp vegetation","volume":"3","author":"Dubi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings on Coastal Engineering"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14107","article-title":"Macrocystis pyrifera forest development shapes the physical environment through current velocity reduction","volume":"694","author":"Elsmore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-950X(1995)121:2(143)","article-title":"Effects of Southern California kelp beds on waves","volume":"121","author":"Elwany","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7714(05)80039-3","article-title":"A preliminary evaluation of wave attenuation by four species of seagrass","volume":"35","author":"Fonseca","year":"1992","journal-title":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(82)90046-4","article-title":"Influence of the seagrass, Zostera marina L., on current flow","volume":"15","author":"Fonseca","year":"1982","journal-title":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.24.3141","article-title":"Flow and flexibility I. Effects of size, shape and stiffness in determining wave forces on the stipitate kelps Eisenia arborea and Pterygophora californica","volume":"200","author":"Gaylord","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.7.1347","article-title":"Consequences of transient fluid forces for compliant benthic organisms","volume":"204","author":"Gaylord","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.2.0860","article-title":"Modulation of wave forces on kelp canopies by alongshore currents","volume":"48","author":"Gaylord","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2003.05.003","article-title":"Physical\u2013biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae","volume":"49","author":"Gaylord","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Systems"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2007.52.5.1838","article-title":"Spatial patterns of flow and their modification within and around a giant kelp forest","volume":"52","author":"Gaylord","year":"2007","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2307\/25470713","article-title":"Flow forces on seaweeds: field evidence for roles of wave impingement and organism inertia","volume":"215","author":"Gaylord","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Biological Bulletin"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.059824","article-title":"Roles of transport and mixing processes in kelp forest ecology","volume":"215","author":"Gaylord","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcz204","article-title":"The gathering storm: optimizing management of coastal ecosystems in the face of a climate-driven threat","volume":"125","author":"Hanley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2019.04.009","article-title":"Motion of buoyant, flexible aquatic vegetation under waves: simple theoretical models and parameterization of wave dissipation","volume":"152","author":"Henderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coastal Engineering"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JC016320","article-title":"Drivers of biogeochemical variability in a Central California kelp forest: implications for local amelioration of ocean acidification","volume":"125","author":"Hirsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research, Oceans"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.9753\/icce.v33.waves.40","article-title":"Wave attenuation in mangrove forests; field data obtained in Trang, Thailand","volume":"1","author":"Horstman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Coastal Engineering Proceedings"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-014-9840-3","article-title":"Influence of blade flexibility on the drag coefficient of aquatic vegetation","volume":"38","author":"Houser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Estuaries and Coasts"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0028","article-title":"Summary for policymakers","volume-title":"IPCC special report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a changing climate","author":"IPCC.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4343(83)90023-7","article-title":"Effect of a kelp forest on coastal currents","volume":"2","author":"Jackson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Continental Shelf Research"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0030","volume-title":"Wind waves","author":"Kinsman","year":"1965"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160548","article-title":"Wave damping in Spartina alterniflora marshes","volume":"2","author":"Knutson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Wetlands"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-950X(1993)119:1(30)","article-title":"Wave attenuation by vegetation","volume":"119","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3354\/meps184063","article-title":"Water flow in tide- and wave-dominated beds of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum","volume":"184","author":"Koch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/24.1.57","article-title":"How do benthic organisms withstand moving water","volume":"24","author":"Koehl","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Zoologist"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0035","author":"Lenth","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0036","first-page":"C10016","article-title":"Oscillatory flow through submerged canopies: 1. Velocity structure","volume":"110","author":"Lowe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research, Oceans"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JC012731","article-title":"Seagrass blade motion under waves and its impact on wave decay","volume":"122","author":"Luhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research, Oceans"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0038","first-page":"335","article-title":"Open Wave Height Logger: an open source pressure sensor data logger for wave measurement","volume":"18","author":"Lyman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2003.11.003","article-title":"An empirical model to estimate the propagation of random breaking and nonbreaking waves over vegetation fields","volume":"51","author":"Mendez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Coastal Engineering"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20172571","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.2571","article-title":"Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, increases faunal diversity through physical engineering","volume":"285","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1996.10413607","article-title":"The effect of kelp in wave damping","volume":"80","author":"Mork","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0042","first-page":"235","article-title":"Kelp beds as coastal protection: wave attenuation of Ecklonia radiata in a shallow coastal bay","volume":"125","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10587","article-title":"The differential response of kelp to swell and infragravity wave motion","volume":"62","author":"Mullarney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2251","article-title":"Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions","volume":"7","author":"M\u04e7ller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Geosciences"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0045","first-page":"1","article-title":"The biology of giant kelp beds (Macrocystis) in California","volume":"32","author":"North","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nova Hedwigia"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09489","article-title":"Wave attenuation by submerged vegetation: combining the effect of organism traits and tidal current","volume":"444","author":"Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0047","volume-title":"Planet application program interface: in space for life on Earth","author":"Planet Team.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0048","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.2307\/1938066","article-title":"The effects of canopy shadings on algal recruitment and growth in a giant kelp forest","volume":"65","author":"Reed","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0377.1","article-title":"Wave disturbance overwhelms top-down and bottom-up control of primary production in California kelp forests","volume":"92","author":"Reed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL048773","article-title":"Wave dissipation by flexible vegetation","volume":"38","author":"Riffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1890\/12-1340.1","article-title":"The importance of progressive senescence in the biomass dynamics of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)","volume":"94","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C02016","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JC003430","article-title":"A field investigation into the effects of a kelp forest (Macrocystis pyrifera) on coastal hydrodynamics and transport","volume":"112","author":"Rosman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2013.58.3.0790","article-title":"Interaction of waves and currents with kelp forests (Macrocystis pyrifera): insights from a dynamically scaled laboratory model","volume":"58","author":"Rosman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520278868.001.0001","volume-title":"The Biology and Ecology of Giant Kelp Forests","author":"Schiel","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1061\/JWPCDX.0000153","article-title":"Performance analysis of tethered float breakwater","volume":"105","author":"Seymour","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of the Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Division"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(89)90018-8","article-title":"Storm wave induced mortality of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in Southern California","volume":"28","author":"Seymour","year":"1989","journal-title":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.4743","article-title":"Simplification bias: lessons from laboratory and field experiment on flow through aquatic vegetation","volume":"45","author":"Tinoco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.11999","article-title":"Limited biogeochemical modification of surface waters by kelp forest canopies: influence of kelp metabolism and site-specific hydrodynamics","volume":"67","author":"Traiger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"key":"2024071802083120300_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/24.1.37","article-title":"Drag and flexibility in sessile organisms","volume":"24","author":"Vogel","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Zoologist"}],"container-title":["Annals of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aob\/mcad094\/51079521\/mcad094.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/article-pdf\/133\/1\/29\/57511510\/mcad094.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/article-pdf\/133\/1\/29\/57511510\/mcad094.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T02:09:12Z","timestamp":1721268552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/article\/133\/1\/29\/7226144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mcad094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7364","1095-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-7364","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]}}}