{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:13:22Z","timestamp":1787008402298,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Czech Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project number 22-00761S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project number 22-00761S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Czech Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RVO 67985939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RVO 67985939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022597","name":"Czech Academy of Sciences and institutional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001822","name":"Austrian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022218","name":"FWF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant no. P28572-B22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant no. P28572-B22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022218","name":"FWF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant no. 101067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant no. 101067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022218","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since the Industrial Revolution, rising atmospheric CO2, warming and more frequent droughts have significantly impacted ecosystems. While the responses of leaf functional traits to these climate change factors have been widely studied, reproductive traits remain relatively understudied, despite their key role in the diversification and distribution of flowering plants. Here we investigated how elevated CO2, warming, drought and their interactions affect floral, leaf and seed traits in two model grassland species. We also examined how these factors influence trait coordination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two common grassland species, Lotus corniculatus and Crepis capillaris, were sampled from a 10-year climate manipulation experiment. We measured resource economic traits related to organ size, construction cost and dry matter content in both leaves and flowers, along with seed size and number. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess trait responses, and rank\u2013abundance curves were employed to visualize changes in trait coordination across treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trait responses to climate change factors varied between species. Drought emerged as the most influential factor, affecting only leaf traits in L. corniculatus, but impacting leaf, floral and seed traits in C. capillaris. Across both species, climate change conditions increased leaf construction costs and reduced flower size. In addition, it led to larger leaves in L. corniculatus and fewer seeds in C. capillaris. Under extreme climate change conditions, trait coordination became stronger in both species, although C. capillaris showed no coordination response specifically to drought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results show that floral economic traits, like leaf traits, are responsive to individual and combined effects of climate change factors. This highlights their importance in shaping plant strategies under environmental stress and emphasizes the need to better integrate floral traits into the whole-plant economic framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcaf214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T11:21:24Z","timestamp":1757330484000},"page":"673-688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Elevated CO2, warming and drought differentially impact reproductive and vegetative economic traits in two grassland species"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Murugash","family":"Manavalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 01 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Pr\u016fhonice 252 43 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4610-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Pr\u016fhonice 252 43 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schaumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Production and Cultural Landscape, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Irdning-Donnersbachtal 8952 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck , Innsbruck A-6020 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"M\u00fcnzbergov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 01 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Pr\u016fhonice 252 43 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051603360746600_mcaf214-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12102526","article-title":"Physiological responses of plants to combined drought and heat under elevated CO2","volume":"12","author":"Abdelhakim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"2026051603360746600_mcaf214-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2004.01224.x","article-title":"What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? 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