{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:20:40Z","timestamp":1787664040220,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon"},{"name":"European Union's Horizon"},{"name":"Erasmus + Traineeship Programme of the European Union"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"University of Copenhagen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Polish Polar Station"},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"SPUB"},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002808","name":"Carlsberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CF21-0412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF21-0412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Adam Mickiewicz University Polar Station"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["370245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["370245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF22OC0078703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF22OC0078703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rapid warming of the Arctic is increasing the frequency, intensity and spatial extent of fires. Because fire has historically been rare in this region, most Arctic plant species are unlikely to have evolved traits that confer tolerance to fire, and the consequences for early life-history stages, such as seed germination, remain largely unknown. Here, we tested experimentally the effects of two key fire-related cues, heat shock and smoke exposure, on the germination traits of 25 widespread Arctic plant species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seeds collected across the Arctic were subjected to four treatments: (1) high heat (110 \u00b0C for 4\u2005min, simulating surface fire exposure); (2) low heat (50 \u00b0C for 10\u2005min, simulating soil seed bank conditions); (3) smoke water produced from Arctic plant biomass; and (4) a combination of low heat and smoke water. We analysed germination responses at three levels: overall, across functional groups (forbs, graminoids and woody species) and at the species level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high-heat treatment almost completely inhibited germination, reducing the final percentage of germination from \u223c78 to \u223c2 %, with only three species showing any germination, two of them graminoids. Low-heat treatment produced no overall or functional-group changes in final germination but reduced germination speed and germination synchrony in 20 % of the species. Smoke water did not alter the final germination percentage but accelerated overall germination speed by \u223c9\u201311 %.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these results suggest that most Arctic species are not adapted to survive the temperatures experienced at or near the soil surface during fires; however, buried seeds might remain viable after low heating and be stimulated by smoke, creating an ecological filter that favours species with persistent soil seed banks. As Arctic fires become more frequent and intense, seed-based regeneration will be likely to play a growing role in shaping post-fire recovery and will influence the diversity and composition of plant communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcag236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:47:04Z","timestamp":1785930424000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fire as a regeneration filter in the Arctic: effects of heat and smoke on seed germination in 25 common plant species"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6421-5594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100 ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 1871 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