{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:00:01Z","timestamp":1790791201300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cProyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n Plurianuales\u201d","award":["PIP 0177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP 0177"]}]},{"name":"\u201cProyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica\u201d","award":["PICT 2022-01044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2022-01044"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research efforts have focused on assessing how diversification, morphological evolution and biogeographical history drive diversity across a wide array of taxonomic groups; however, their interplay remains poorly understood in ferns. Here, we conduct total-evidence dating analyses of Osmundaceae, an iconic species-poor lineage that once dominated Mesozoic forest understories. Based on dense fossil sampling and a skyline fossilized birth\u2013death model, we assess changes in diversification rates and morphological disparity through time. Furthermore, by taking a new diffusion-based approach, we reconstruct the biogeographical history of Osmundaceae in a dynamic palaeogeographical context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To perform dating analyses, we combined a novel morphological dataset of 31 characters with seven plastid markers, covering 17 extant taxa and 27 fossils. Divergence times were inferred across alternative variations of a skyline fossilized birth\u2013death tree model. Disparity-through-time analyses were performed by reconstructing ancestral character states in the dated phylogeny inferred using the best-fitting model. Biogeographical diffusion models were reconstructed by estimating presence probabilities for each pixel across a dynamic palaeogeographical landscape and considering Earth\u2019s sphericity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analyses support an Early Permian radiation of fertile leptopteroids (289.32\u2005Mya). We identified low diversification and elevated relative extinction rates, and a contraction of the morphospace, following the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic event. High extinction rates persisted throughout the Mesozoic, delaying recovery until the Miocene. Character change rates decelerated after the Early Jurassic, coinciding with a long-term decline in lineage number and morphospace contraction. Antarctica is reconstructed as the primary centre of radiation for crown leptopteroids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The evolutionary history of Osmundaceae is marked by prolonged high extinction, decelerated character change rates and morphospace contraction following the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic event. Our analyses reveal that Antarctica served as the primary centre of radiation for crown leptopteroids, which diversified from an Antarctic relict population rather than via dispersal through the continent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcag269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:44:03Z","timestamp":1787921043000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Total-evidence dating analysis of Osmundaceae reveals long-term extinction amid global climatic and palaeogeographical changes"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Urrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n , Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n, Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000 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