{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:57:33Z","timestamp":1790791053196,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior \u2013 Brazil","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CNPq Universal Project","award":["422747\/2016-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["422747\/2016-5"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Universal Project","award":["IA200323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA200323"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Universal Project","award":["IN204025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN204025"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Universal Project","award":["CF-2023-I-255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-255"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMIG (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","award":["37741036\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37741036\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00nc55f03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laticifers represent one of the most functionally striking secretory systems in angiosperms, characterizing entire families and latex being considered a key element in defence against herbivores in plants. However, they are still understudied, especially in clades where the secretions are not as copious, as in Malpighiaceae. Here, we undertake a study combining anatomy, phylogeny and ancestral state reconstruction to unravel the structure, distribution and evolution of laticifers and other leaf anatomical traits in the Galphimioid clade (Malpighiaceae), sampling approximately 90\u2005% of the clade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laticifers and other leaf anatomical traits were surveyed comparatively across all genera of the Galphimioid clade using detailed anatomical and histochemical techniques. Leaf characters were mapped onto the most recent phylogenetic framework for Malpighiaceae to reconstruct ancestral states and identify possible synapomorphies to less inclusive clades within the Galphimioid clade. Structural and developmental aspects of laticifers, and the chemical composition of latex were characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-anastomosing, articulated laticifers were found in all analysed species, originating from both ground meristem and procambium, representing a remarkable putative anatomical synapomorphy of the clade. Twelve additional synapomorphies were inferred, including absence of trichomes on mature leaves and revolute leaf margins. Ancestral reconstructions indicate that the Galphimioid clade is also characterized by dorsiventral, hypostomatic leaves with concave\u2013convex petioles and flat\u2013convex midribs bearing an open vascular arc. Leaf margin conformation, leaf gland distribution, epidermal features and latex chemistry were informative for distinguishing genera within the clade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of laticifers represents the main putative synapomorphy of the Galphimioid clade within Malpighiaceae. However, other key anatomical features support the delimitation of less inclusive clades and genera, strengthening the systematics of Malpighiaceae. The study advances our understanding of the evolution of leaf traits and secretory structures, opening new avenues for studies on defence evolution, plant\u2013animal interactions and latex diversification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcag270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:35:10Z","timestamp":1787657710000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leaf anatomical traits support the classification of Galphimioid clades in Malpighiaceae"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"M M","family":"Sanches","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laborat\u00f3rio de Anatomia Vegetal e Morfog\u00eanese, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C P","family":"Mouzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laborat\u00f3rio de Anatomia Vegetal e Morfog\u00eanese, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M S","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laborat\u00f3rio de Anatomia Vegetal e Morfog\u00eanese, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M R","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laborat\u00f3rio de Anatomia Vegetal e Morfog\u00eanese, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brasil"},{"name":"Departamento de Bot\u00e1nica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda , 04510 Mexico City ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0368-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I R","family":"Guesdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas, UFAM, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Tecnologia , Itacoatiara, Amazonas 69103-128, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R M S A","family":"Meira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laborat\u00f3rio de Anatomia Vegetal e Morfog\u00eanese, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa , Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093013204991900_mcag270-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120307","article-title":"Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory","volume":"40","author":"Agrawal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics"},{"key":"2026093013204991900_mcag270-B2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revision of Galphimia (Malpighiaceae)","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium"},{"key":"2026093013204991900_mcag270-B3","first-page":"21","article-title":"Malpighiaceae. 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