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Such an approach provides a broader perspective on how organisms respond to environmental gradients and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed 254 herbarium specimens for 13 morphological traits using univariate and ordination analyses. Climatic and edaphic variables were extracted for all specimens with georeferenced records. To assess habitat suitability and the ecological niche of each predefined morphotype, niche models under present conditions and niche overlap tests were conducted. Ordination analyses were applied to evaluate how environmental predictors explain variation in vegetative and floral traits, whereas supervised multivariate classification was applied to estimate membership probabilities based on morphological and environmental data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating morphological, climatic and edaphic data proved to be a significant approach for refining the species limits within the complex. Although three morphotypes were evaluated, our analyses consistently recovered two well-differentiated groups: the \u2018capitata\u2013hydrangeiformis\u2019 morphotype, allegedly composing a cline, and the ecologically and morphologically distinct \u2018bahia\u2019 morphotype. Environmental factors explained more variation in floral than in vegetative traits, with floral traits able to delineate morphotypes more robustly when considered in isolation. The \u2018capitata\u2013hydrangeiformis\u2019 and \u2018bahia\u2019 groups also exhibited markedly differences in predicted habitat suitability, with clear separation of the \u2018bahia\u2019 morphotype from the others in both geographical and environmental space. Key morphological characters for the taxonomy of Brunfelsia partially covaried with environmental variables, particularly floral traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support the recognition of the \u2018bahia\u2019 morphotype as a distinct species to be formally described, while subspecies capitata and hydrangeiformis should be synonymized. This integrative approach contributes to understanding diversification processes in a biodiversity hotspot and reveals previously unrecognized taxonomic diversity within Brunfelsia, a genus that harbours many rare and narrow-endemic taxa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcag271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:40:51Z","timestamp":1787654451000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Environmental variation is related to morphotype differentiation in a\n                    <i>Brunfelsia<\/i>\n                    (Solanaceae) complex"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7750-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel G G","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bot\u00e2nica, Escola Nacional de Bot\u00e2nica Tropical, , Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-036 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-4550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio N","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bot\u00e2nica, Escola Nacional de Bot\u00e2nica Tropical, , Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-036 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7369-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario R","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistem\u00e1tica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, UFPB, Campus I (s.n.)\u2014Cidade Universit\u00e1ria , Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58051-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro L","family":"Giacomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistem\u00e1tica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, UFPB, Campus I (s.n.)\u2014Cidade Universit\u00e1ria , Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, PB 58051-900 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091019563980400_mcag271-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8307","article-title":"Morphological variation of leaf traits in the Ternstroemia lineata species complex (Ericales: Penthaphylacaceae) in response to geographic and climatic variation","volume":"8","author":"Alc\u00e1ntara-Ayala","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026091019563980400_mcag271-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.09.010","article-title":"Ensemble forecasting of species distributions","volume":"22","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"2026091019563980400_mcag271-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/botlinnean\/boaf006","article-title":"Molecular and ecological evidence reveal a speciation process in Nicotiana sect. 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