{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:57:00Z","timestamp":1790733420616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["JP25K09082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K09082"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hhkn466","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most C4 plants share photosynthetic reactions between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Bundle sheath cells in these C4 plants are enlarged and have higher organelle content, and these traits are considered crucial enablers of the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Endopolyploidy, the occurrence of varying ploidy levels in the somatic tissues of an organism, has been implicated in the enlargement of cells. Endopolyploidy may therefore contribute to the enlargement of bundle sheath cells, but it remains unclear whether the nuclei of bundle sheath cells are endopolyploid in C4 Poaceae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed endopolyploidy in the leaf cells of 18 species belonging to the two largest C4 Poaceae subfamilies (Panicoideae and Chloridoideae) using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, using phylogenetic signals we examined whether genetic relatedness affected endopolyploidy among species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In C4 Poaceae, the endoreduplication index of nuclei in the bundle sheath cells was substantially higher than that in the mesophyll cells. Significant variations were noted in the endoreduplication index among species in the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Furthermore, the variation in the endoreduplication index exhibited various patterns between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Pagel\u2019s \u03bb, a measure of phylogenetic signal, indicates that factors other than phylogeny markedly influence the variation in endoreduplication index of these cell types among species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study uncovered various tendencies concerning endopolyploidy in the cell types of C4 Poaceae. Bundle sheath cells tended to have endopolyploid nuclei, whereas mesophyll cells did not. However, the extent of endopolyploidy differs among the species, and such variation is derived from factors other than phylogeny, which vary depending on the cell type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcag292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:54:44Z","timestamp":1788954884000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endopolyploidy in the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of C4 Poaceae"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidekazu","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Region Agricultural Research Centre, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Region Agricultural Research Centre, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Oi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Science, Kochi University of Technology , Kami, Kochi 782-8502 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092921364407900_mcag292-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert350","article-title":"Endoreduplication is not involved in bundle-sheath formation in the C4 species Cleome gynandra","volume":"65","author":"Aubry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"2026092921364407900_mcag292-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2012.04370.x","article-title":"A multivariate analysis of 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