{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:30:55Z","timestamp":1789129855763,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n Serpentine soils represent one of the most challenging substrates for plant life due to skewed ratios of essential nutrients and toxic concentrations of metals. Plant adaptation to such conditions may lead to locally adapted edaphic ecotypes or, when reproductive barriers evolve, to distinct serpentine endemics. However, a third scenario may occur: cryptic edaphic divergence, where phenotypically similar lineages adapted to contrasting substrates exhibit deep genetic divergence. Here, we tested whether substrate-associated divergence reflects repeated serpentine adaptation or cryptic edaphic lineage divergence in Cardamine glauca (Brassicaceae) in Balkan peninsula \u2013 a hotspot of serpentine endemism in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We sampled and sequenced genomes of 43 individuals of C. glauca together with four individuals representing closely related taxa, C. plumieri and C. pancicii, from variable substrates across the Balkans. We combined phylogenomics, population genomic analyses of selection and a reciprocal transplant experiment to infer the most likely evolutionary scenario.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key Results<\/jats:title>\n Phylogenomic analysis of 941 loci confirmed monophyly of C. glauca, including the local endemic C. pancicii, but revealed deep splits (\u223c2.2\u20133.2 Mya) between co-occurring serpentine and non-serpentine lineages. Population genomic analyses of replicated geographically proximate serpentine\u2013non-serpentine population pairs demonstrated strong genome-wide differentiation and limited gene flow between edaphic types. Window-based analyses of local genomic divergence and tests for positive selection revealed candidate genes involved in ion transport, membrane transporter activity and metal homeostasis, consistent with the hypothesis of substrate-driven ecological adaptation. This was further supported by a significant substrate-of-origin fitness advantage in a reciprocal transplant experiment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Altogether, our results demonstrate that edaphic preferences may correspond with deep genetic divergence between similar-looking yet differently adapted lineages. The presence of cryptic edaphic lineages suggests that plant diversity may still be underestimated in genomically underexplored but edaphically diverse hotspots such as the Balkans.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcag294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:53:41Z","timestamp":1789041221000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cryptic serpentine divergence and substrate adaptation of\n Cardamine glauca<\/i>\n in the Balkan Peninsula"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Bure\u0161","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Koberov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany , Pr\u016fhonice ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Duchoslav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany , Pr\u016fhonice ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"F\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Nezamivand-Chegini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Gerchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Noskov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Mi\u0161ljenovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology , Belgrade 11000 ,","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Jakovljevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research \u2018Sini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u2019 \u2013 National Institute of the Republic of Serbia , Belgrade 11000 ,","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8374-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P G","family":"Dimitrakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean , 81132 Mytilene, Lesbos ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Laku\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology , Belgrade 11000 ,","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Kol\u00e1\u0159","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague 128 00 ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany , Pr\u016fhonice ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"container-title":["Annals of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aob\/mcag294\/71031400\/mcag294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aob\/mcag294\/71031400\/mcag294.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:42:54Z","timestamp":1789126974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aob\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/aob\/mcag294\/8790451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mcag294","relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-8290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-8290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"mcag294"}}