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These organs have evolved independently in multiple lineages and exhibit extensive morphological and functional diversification. However, the molecular mechanisms and ecological drivers underlying their origin and diversification remain largely unresolved in most lineages. Recent advances suggest that novel floral organs can arise through multiple developmental routes, including modification of organ identity programmes, rewiring of gene regulatory networks and elaboration of boundary regions between floral organs. In this review we summarize these key insights and milestones by focusing on two types of novel floral organ (the staminode and corona) and one specialized floral structure (the inflated calyx). Furthermore, we propose that integrative evolutionary developmental frameworks that combine comparative morphology, functional genetics and ecological context are therefore required to fully elucidate the origins and diversification of novel floral organs in angiosperms for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcag308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1790334575000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The evolution of novel floral organs from an evo-devo perspective"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Xinran","family":"Leng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vegetation Structure, Function and Construction (VegLab), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biological Adaptation, Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and 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